Round The World
New Delhi, 24 November 2023
India-Australia Ties
THE 2+2 DIALOGUE
By Dr. D.K. Giri
(Secretary General, Assn for
Democratic Socialism)
India and Australia are rivals in cricket as two top teams
in the world. They have clashed many times including in World Cup finals. After
winning all the ten league matches, India unexpectedly, disappointingly lost to
Australia in Sunday’s World Cup final. Even Prime Minister Modi was actively
involved in the match, first as a spectator, then after the match, to
commiserate the Indian team. However, that is cricket. Although, Indians are
passionate about cricket, and a vast number tend to be emotional, each game
should be taken sportingly, displaying magnanimity in victory and equanimity in
defeat.
On the other hand, the India-Australia bilateral engagement
is currently at an all-time high encompassing defence, security, trade and
cultural partnerships, technology and education as the key areas of
collaboration. The Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong, the Deputy Prime
Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles arrived in India early last week
for the second 2+2 ministerial dialogue. As usual, the dialogues covered a wide
range of issues including India-Canada relations which are undergoing some
stress due to the rise of radicalism in Canada that is directed against India,
and the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.
The close proximity between Australia and Canada
necessitated a discussion on India-Canada relations and possibility of defusing
the tension. Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar underlined the need for such a
discussion on Canada, “Australia has a good and strong relationship with both
India and Canada. Hence it was important that Australia get our perspective on
the issue”. He further pointed out that, “From our point of view, the key issue
is really the space which is being given to extremism and radicalism in
Canada.”
Let us recall that the tensions between New Delhi and Canberra
became worse with the controversial killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Canadian
Prime Minister accused the Indian intelligence agencies of being behind the
killing. Diplomatic staff from either side was repatriated. Australia was
reportedly upset with New Delhi sending back 41 Canadian diplomats. However,
sadly another terrorist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, in a video appearance, has
given a call to Sikhs to boycott Air India and has threatened the disruption of
Air India flying across the world. Government of India has booked Pannun under
several Acts of intimidation, prevention of unlawful acts etc. Presumably, the
air was cleared between India and Australian leadership.
From the available reports and the press briefings, it
appeared that Australians have been sensitised on issues of terrorism which are
of central concern to New Delhi. The Ministry of External Affairs said in a
press brief, “We had extensive discussion on security issues. We spoke about
terrorism, radicalism and extremism. At the heart of it, is really a shared commitment
to a free, open, inclusive, prosperous, and rule-based Indo-Pacific region.”
The similar Indian approach echoed in their response to
Israel-Hamas war. The Indian position consisted of her response to three issues
in the present war – one is terrorism, second, the hostage issue and the third,
humanitarian crisis in Palestine. Both countries agreed that it is a very
complex and challenging situation which cannot be addressed by a single issue
response like condemning Israel or calling for unilateral ceasefire.
It is pertinent to note the driving factors that bring
Australia and India closer. India’s strong ties with the US since the Indo-US
Civil Agreement signed in 2008 helped Australia, as an ally of United States to
embrace India. Second, China’s border clashes with India and trade disputes
with Australia bring them together. China, in fact, as a common threat to both
India and Australia works as a catalyst in their bilateralism. The Australian
Deputy Prime Minister in the 2+2 dialogue confirmed that, “China is the biggest
security anxiety for India and Australia”. His counterpart, the Indian Defence
Minister, Rajnath Singh, endorsed it, “Strong India-Australia ties are crucial
for peace, security and prosperity of the India Pacific”. Indeed, India-Australia bilateralism is
sustained by a mutual interest in containing China and ensuring a stable order
in India Pacific region.
Third, the domestic constituents in both countries like
civil society actors, think tanks and research organisations have advocated a
closer relationship between the two countries. Fourth, the mutual economic and
trade interests have also driven the partnership. Australia hopes to enhance
its partnership with India in order to cut down on its reliance on China. The
Australian Prime Minister Antony Albanese came with 25 Australian business
leaders to expand trade when he came for attending the G-20 meeting last
September. Likewise, New Delhi wants to tap into Australia’s rich mineral
resources and investment potentials.
The bilateralism is conducted through several agreements,
membership of multilateral coalitions and bilateral visits by top leadership.
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Australia in September 2014 was the first by any
Indian Prime Minister in 28 years. Following this visit, a Framework of
Security Cooperation paved the way for future engagements. In 2020, India and
Australia announced a comprehensive strategic partnership that includes an
agreement on maritime and cyber technology cooperation and Mutual Logistics
Support Agreement to increase military inter-operability through defence
exercises and further cooperation on defence, science and technology.
In November 2022, both countries signed the Economic
Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) in an effort to strengthen trade ties.
Beyond bilateralism, Australia and India are involved in a range of
multilateral mechanisms and regional groupings that include G-20, the Indian
Ocean Rim Association, the ASEAN Regional Forum and Quadrilateral Security
Dialogue (QUAD). Such agreements and cooperation have led to joint defence
drills which are the main pillar of India-Australia bilateralism.
Australia invited India to participate in Talisman Sabre,
the most important military exercise between the US and Australia. Similar
exercises between Australia and India include AusIndex, Kakadu, Pitch Black,
and Milan. The Malabar Naval exercises where Australia has recently joined, is
another frontline Naval exercise. In 2022, the joint army exercise Austra-Hind
took place.
To sum up, despite growing proximity between India and
Australia, there are a few challenges to reckon with. Obviously, the
bilateralism is shaped by their ‘shared interest’ and ‘shared values’. The
shared interest is apparent, which is balancing China, the common threat. Second
is the mutual benefit accruing from growing trade and economic partnership.
There are concerns, however, on shared values. For instance, India’s refusal to
condemn Russian aggression of Ukraine caused unease in Australia.
Both countries got their independence from Britain. India
chose to be non-aligned whereas Australia became an ally of the United States. While
both have close defence partnership and are members of Quad, other members
including Australia accommodate India’s strategic autonomy. Observers of
India-Australia relations wonder what would be India’s position on Taiwan, if
ever it was invaded by China. Any military confrontation like the one on Taiwan
could have disastrous consequences in terms of security and economy in India-Pacific.
Will India’s strategic autonomy sit well with such a destabilising possibility?
For now, Australia seems to go along well with the Indian
approach to multilateral partnerships. Also, the multi-stake holder approach
favoured by both sides in building their bilateralism gives a cause for
optimism. ---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature
Alliance)
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