REWIND
New Delhi , 17 August, 2023
Most Sanctimonious Humbugs?
By Inder Jit
(Released on 19
August 1980)
Acharya
Kripalani seems ever so right in retrospect. Ten years ago, he bluntly said: We
Indians are the world’s “most sanctimonious humbugs”. The occasion was Gandhi
Jayanti and the provocation: New Delhi’s award of Padma Shri to Mr Ritwik
Chatak. A year earlier, the Acharya had drawn Parliament’s attention to a book
by Mr Ghatak in which he had called Mahatma Gandhi “the son of a pig”. He
wanted the book banned and took up the matter with the Union Education and Home
Ministers. But nothing came of his effort. Instead, Mr Chatak, a well-known
film director, was given a Republic Day Award. Greatly saddened, the Acharya
wrote: “Before independence I used to think that the British were the most
hypocritical people...They were in India...for the good of the people... But
after independence I have come to realise that we Indians are the most
sanctimonious humbugs throughout the world. We call a person the Father of the
Nation. But we do not mind his being insulted after his death. We go out of our
way to award those who perpetrate such monstrosities.”
These
thoughts are prompted by the 34th Independence Day and its
celebration which has come to acquire the form and character of a ritual. Gandhi is outwardly remembered and homage paid to him at
Rajghat. The national flag is unfurled on the ramparts of the Red Fort and the
nation is addressed by the Prime Minister, in keeping with the tradition set up
by Jawaharlal Nehru in accordance with India’s tryst with destiny. In the
evening, the President hosts a reception at Rashtrapati Bhawan. But there is little time or inclination among our leaders
to do any serious heart-searching and ask themselves some hard questions? How
would Bapu and Jawaharlal Nehru have reacted to the present political mess?
Would they have approved of all that has been going on for the past many years?
What would have been Mahatma Gandhi’s practical advice to our leaders for
dispelling the spreading cynicism and despair? What about the youth and its
involvement in purposeful national activity? Those born after independence
now total some 28 crores.
The
Prime Minister, Mrs Gandhi, appropriately called upon the country and more
especially the youth to follow the teachings of the Mahatma and help realise
his dream of a truly free India – “a swaraj for our hungry and spiritually
starving millions”. She also did well to refer in her spirited and
thought-provoking speech to the long and arduous freedom struggle and the
stupendous task that awaits the country. But mere exhortations and platitudes
are far from enough. Regretfully, Gandhi and many others who joined the
struggle against the British and led the country to freedom, are today but
distant names, remembered by our leaders only to project an image of commitment
and dedication to higher ideals. Little has been done to involve the younger
generation effectively. One looked for some special programmes on AIR and
Doordarshan on August 15 to recall the freedom struggle in depth -- and the
role of its heroes. But one was largely disappointed, notwithstanding the fare
of patriotic songs.
True,
our students have now books to tell them about the Mahatma as also the freedom
struggle. However, not much has been done to use visual aids and other modern
techniques to get the message of Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders across to the
people, especially the younger generation. In 1969-70, a Gandhi Darshan
exhibition was put up near Rajghat as part of the Gandhi Centenary celebrations.
The exhibition proved a great success and it was decided to make it permanent.
Some 40 acres of land next to Rajghat was even acquired and the exhibition
reopened on October 2, 1970. But today five out of the six pavilions stand
closed. Visitors can still mercifully see the pavilion entitled: My Life Is My
Message. All the six pavilions were carefully planned and include many valuable,
even priceless exhibits. Not all the exhibits are, however, in good shape at
present. These include the boat in which Gandhi crossed river Mahi on his way
to Dandi for the famous salt march. The boat is reportedly lying in the open
without cover within the Satyagraha pavilion. Already, the elements have
damaged it considerably.
All our
top leaders continue to swear by Bapu. But few have spared thought all these
years to bring various exhibits relating to the Father of the Nation under one
roof as in the case of the Nehru Memorial Museum at Teen Murti. Anyone eager to
draw inspiration from Gandhi, his philosophy and teachings is, therefore,
required to go to three separate places -- Gandhi Darshan, Gandhi Sangralaya
and Gandhi Smriti, which now manages the erstwhile Birla House on Tees January
Marg where the Mahatma fell a victim to the assassin’s bullets. Gandhi’s
blood-stained clothes and the assassin’s bullets are, for instance, neither at
Gandhi Darshan nor at Gandhi Smriti, both of which attract crowds. Instead,
these are kept at Gandhi Sangralaya. The gun-carriage on which Bapu’s mortal remains
were carried to Rajghat is, meanwhile, at Gandhi Darshan. To add to the
confusion, all the three centres are separately administered. While Gandhi
Darshan is under the Ministry of Education and Culture, Gandhi Smriti is
managed by the Ministry of Works and Housing. The Sangralaya, for its part, is
under the Gandhi Smarak Nidhi.
Not only
that. No serious attempt has been made since the dawn of independence to establish
under one roof or in one complex the story of India’s freedom struggle. During
the silver Jubilee year of Independence in 1972, a Portrait Gallery of Nation
Builders was set up at Gandhi Smriti or, more precisely, in Birla House, thanks
to the personal and active interest taken in the matter by the then Prime
Minister, Mrs Gandhi. The gallery covered the period from 1857 to 1947 and the
exhibits totalled about 3,000 portraits and photographs, some secured from the
British Museum. The portraits also included original paintings of the heroes of
India’s first war of independence, namely Rani of Jhansi and Tantia Topi. Also
included were the portraits of nation builders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy,
Vivekananda, Maharishi Dayanand and Dadabhai Naoroji. In effect, the gallery
became a pictorial history of India’s freedom struggle. Alas, however, the
gallery was wound up in October 1979 after the former Prime Minister, Mr
Morarji Desai, reportedly ruled that the Gandhi Smriti should display only the
exhibits relating to the Mahatma.
Mr Desai
was perhaps entitled to his view, shared by some Gandhians. But the great
pity-- scandal -- is that no worthwhile thought was given by the Janata regime
at the time of closing the Portrait Gallery to the basic concept underlying it.
With what result? All the exhibits collected with great difficulty and at
considerable expense today lie “dumped”, to quote knowledgeable people, in a “godown”
at the Gandhi Smriti. (Fears expressed by some persons that the exhibits may
have already provided a feast to white ants, I am assured, are “unfounded”. The
room is said to be treated regularly against possible havoc by termites.) At
one stage, some persons actively involved in setting up the gallery thought in
terms of moving it into the Nehru Memorial Library adjoining Teen Murti House.
But the idea did not fructify. Meanwhile, two years have rolled by and a
national treasure lies gathering dust when it could have otherwise provided the
nucleus of a full-fledged presentation of our freedom struggle for the benefit
of all.
Gandhi
Darshan, Gandhi Smriti and Nehru Museum no doubt serve their own purpose. But
none among the three or all the three collectively can be a substitute for a
full-fledged presentation of the freedom struggle. Gandhi and Nehru together
provide no more than the concluding chapter of the struggle, even if the
chapter is large and the most important. Clearly, there is need for what may
perhaps be called the National Gallery of Freedom Struggle. Such a gallery or
hall could not only be a constant reminder for the generations to come of how
the battle of Independence was fought and won through non-violence. It could
also help to underline India’s basic unity in diversity and the glorious role
played by persons hailing from different parts of the country and subscribing
to different faiths in achieving independence. Temporarily, the gallery could
even be set up at Gandhi Darshan or any other suitable place. Ultimately,
however, a befitting memorial should be set up at some central place as in the
case of the National Museum, which now displays at one place some of India’s
priceless heritage and treasures.
Unfortunate
incidents in Moradabad and Mrs Gandhi’s call for a
crusade against communalism, casteism, corruption and indiscipline make it
incumbent on our people to hark back to the values and ideals cherished by the
freedom fighters and symbolised by the life and teachings of the Father of the
Nation. Gandhi is no less relevant today than he was at the time of the freedom
struggle --- a point effectively driven home by a small but meaningful
exhibition organised by Gandhi Darshan in Parliament House to coincide with the
anniversary of the Quit India movement and Gandhiana, which was set up on
August 9, 1978 and provides in the Library of Parliament some 1500 books by and
on the Father of the Nation. (It is a pity that not many MPs visited the
exhibition except when Mrs Gandhi opened it!) We must be clear on fundamentals
and also remember Bapu’s emphasis on the importance of practice as against
platitudes and preaching. Either we accept Gandhi as the Father of the Nation
or we do not. We cannot have it both ways and still swear by Truth. ---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature Alliance)
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