Open Forum
New Delhi, 28 June 2023
Indigenisation Of Products
TECH TRANSFER TO CUT IMPORT BILL
By Dhurjati Mukherjee
In
recent months, the Centre has given a greater thrust to indigenisation of
products to boost up manufacturing. Though rather late in the day, this thrust
was perhaps needed and should help not just in import substitution but open up
new avenues of manufacturing. Pre and post US visit of Prime Minister Modi,
there has been a significant change in the scenario with new tie-ups and other
possibilities opening, specially in the defence, IT and electronics sectors as
also collaboration in various fields of research.
It needs
to be noted that a huge country like India has a very big import bill pertaining
to electronics, defence etc, and experts are of the opinion that most of the
items imported can be manufactured in the country as well. This realisation
could greatly help the Indian economy.
Recently,
the Defence Ministry approved another list that progressively bans import of
929 sub-systems, components, spares and line replacement units (LRUs) of
military equipment and platforms by defence PSUs to promote self-reliance. The
new ‘positive indigenisation list’ for the defence PSUs is in continuation of
the first three such lists, which contained a total of 1238 items, announced in
December 2021, March 2022 and August 2022. The 928 items in the fourth list
with import substitution value of Rs 715 crore will only be procured from the
Indian industry after the timelines indicated in the cost that ranges from
December 2024 to December 2028. Of the 1238 items, 310 items have been
indigenised so far, according to military sources.
It is
understood that to promote ‘Atmanir bharta’ (self-reliance) in defence
and minimise imports by the PSUs, the Defence Ministry “approved the
indigenisation lists of strategically important LRUs/sub-systems/spares and
components, including high-end materials and spares, with an import
substitution value worth ₹715 crore,” a statement said. The latest list
seeks to promote the local production of several parts of Sukhoi-30 and Jaguar
fighter jets, Hindustan Turbo Trainer-40 (HTT-40) planes, magazine
fire-fighting systems on board warships, and gas turbine generators. It is expected
that the defence PSUs will undertake indigenisation of the listed items through
different routes through the capabilities of MSMEs and private Indian industry.
Though
the value of India’s domestic production crossed the Rs 1 lakh crore mark for
the first time in 2022-23, which is 12 percent higher than the preceding
financial year, there is need to substantially increase the value to around Rs
2 lakh crore within the next two years or so.
It’s pertinent
to note the recent observation of Amitabh Kant, former Niti Aayog CEO and
India’s G20 Sherpa who rightly maintained: “A country bigger than 24 countries
of Europe can’t grow on services alone. India needs to grow manufacturing to
create jobs. Agriculture must grow to improve productivity. Urbanisation can be
the biggest driver of India’s growth story, and this is linked to the creation
of quality infrastructure”.
In a
conversation at the meeting the Union Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman
stated that the country’s private sector was ready to step up, demonstrated by
the rush of investment in sunrise sectors, though no figures were given. She
added the private sector was expanding in businesses like semiconductors,
renewable energy, rare earth elements etc. but these investments, as is
generally felt, were quite minimal compared to present-day requirements.
Meanwhile,
as the IT hardware business passes through recession in Europe and the US,
India is likely to emerge as the engine that will power growth of products such
as laptops, computers and servers with the market expected to grow over 2.5
times in the next three years and cross $25 billion in size, stated Rajeev
Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for IT and electronics, adding that the PLI
scheme for IT hardware will see global companies consider manufacturing in
India. The IT hardware closed at around $10 billion last fiscal, and a growth
of 17-18 percent is forecast. Moreover, with digitisation of government as well
as education, healthcare and enterprise picking up, the market is expected to
hit around $25 billion in 2025-26.
India’s
technology industry is witnessing the setting up of GCCs (global capability
centres), which are shared services arms of MNCs. More than 150 MNCs have set
up these in the past two years though most are in Bengaluru and some in NCR and
Mumbai. Besides, Rakuten’s India operations have been expanding rapidly and
developing products and doing their marketing and sales here.
Coming
on the heels of Modi’s US visit, the most significant development as reported, is
American computer chip maker, Micron announcing the setting up of India’s first
semiconductor plant in Gujarat, which comprises $825 million (around Rs 6700
crore) from the company and the rest from the government in two phases.
According to Micron, phased construction of the new assembly in the state is
expected to begin this year and the first jet engine is expected to roll out in
three years, involving 80 percent transfer of technology. Significantly, the
plant is expected to create 5000 new direct jobs and 15,000 community jobs over
the next several years. Meanwhile, the MoU between General Electric (GE) and
Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) will translate into the actual contract within a
few months.
Not just
Micron but another important development is the announcement of Applied
Materials for a $400 million investment to build a collaborative engineering
centre in Bengaluru, focused on developing and commercialisation of
technologies for semiconductor manufacturing equipment. This Centre is expected
to support over 500 new advanced engineering jobs along with potentially
another 2500 jobs in the manufacturing ecosystem, according to the company’s
CEO. Both these announcements are crucial to the development of the
semiconductor industry as India as it is one of the world’s top electronics and
automobile producers and an equally big consumer.
However,
while these are no doubt crucial, the decision of the US to set up GE-FE414
factory in India is indeed a game-changer. It is significant that the US
sharing this very important technology signals it’s betting big on India. India
must take advantage of this to diversify its defence structures away from
Russia. Added to this, Amazon committed to invest $15 billion, which includes
plans to put $12.7 billion into cloud infrastructure while Google also
announced investing $10 billion to open ‘global fintech operations centre’ in
GIFT City, Gujarat. Moreover, 35 innovative joint research collaborations in
emerging technologies will be launched, funded by the US National Science
Foundation and India’s Dept. of Science & Technology in computer and
information science and engineering, cyber physical systems, and secure and
trustworthy cyberspace.
This
thrust in technology transfer and manufacturing through collaborations is
indeed a welcome trend as it would help create a lot of job opportunities and
the steady reduction of the import bill should go a long way in boosting the
economy.---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature Alliance)
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