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New Delhi, 19
December 2019
Encounter Killings
AS SERIOUS AS CRIME?
By Dr. S. Saraswathi
(Former Director,
ICSSR, New Delhi)
Encounter killing of
four persons suspected of gang rape & murder of a veterinary doctor in
Hyderabad has received mixed reaction from the public for different reasons and
triggered a debate. While no sane person can justify the brutal crime or
sympathise with the criminals, the manner of handling the suspects is a reflection
on our law enforcing system and should go by law. Police encounter has
temporarily shifted public and media attention from the brutal crime to encounter
killing.
On behalf of the State,
it was said that the suspects snatched a loaded revolver from the police
personnel and fired at them and also attacked the police party with stones and
iron rods in which policemen were injured. Police action on December 6 was
defended as self-defence.
Police encounter in
this case is as significant and serious a matter as the crime itself. The
Telangana Government has promptly accepted the version of the police and is
ready to prosecute the suspects accordingly. It refused to prosecute police
personnel involved in the encounter on the ground that there is no case against
them. It had also appointed a SIT headed by a commissioner and had ordered a
magisterial enquiry.
The Supreme Court has
set up a three-member inquiry commission headed by a retired judge to find out
the truth behind the alleged encounter killings by the State police. It slammed
naming of the dead four suspects in an FIR by the police as a bid to scuttle a
fair probe and raised questions over the credibility of the stand taken by the
State. The Commission is asked to submit its findings within six months.
Several crimes were
actually committed in this incident ultimately causing the death of a woman. Public anger was roused to such an extent
that there were ugly celebrations over the encounter that took place early
morning, when the suspects were taken by the police to the crime scene for confirmation
of the crime. Some even suggested public
hanging of the suspects and display of the execution through social media. They
believe in the deterrent effect of punishments.
While expressing our
anger over this crime and the failure of law enforcing authorities to protect
women, we cannot violate law. Crude expression of anger should not make us
blind to the need to get at the bottom of this crime. Deterrence is not the
only object of punishment.
Police encounter
death first raises a question over the necessity for it, as it closes a crucial
source for getting the truth behind the crime.
However, the police alone knows the circumstances fully to judge the
necessity for attacking the accused. Each encounter case has to be probed
thoroughly by an impartial agency. Hasty action to close the case may only
raise a doubt that behind the victims of encounter, there may be other
influential people.
As a contrast to the
Hyderabad incident, a rape victim in Unnao in Uttar Pradesh fell into the hands
of her rapists again after two years and was burnt alive. Naturally, it further
aggravates public anger against rapists and demand for their hanging in public.
Rape is growing as a
very ordinary crime in India as an incident by itself and also as a weapon to
settle disputes and enmities. Our country is certainly not as bad as many
western nations whatever may be said in political hate speeches to defame the
government in power. But, without drastic law, strict enforcement and stringent
punishment, the crime will grow aided and abetted by modern gadgets.
Insufficient police
and judicial personnel is one of the main causes for increase in crimes. India
Justice Report 2019 released by Tata Trusts shows that there are 22 per cent vacancies
in the Police Department, 20 to 40 per cent in judiciary, and over 20 per cent
of court cases pending in courts for more than 5 years in 10 States. Coverage
of population under each police station varies enormously – 33,000 in Odisha
and 240,000 in Gujarat urban areas and 30,000 in Telangana and 233,000 in West
Bengal rural areas. This inadequacy in police and judicial strength is said to
be an important cause of people getting impatient with official law and justice
machinery. They gloat over instant justice without trial.
Delivering his
valedictory address at the DGP/IGPs conference in Pune a few days ago, the Prime
Minister laid stress on making the police more citizen-friendly. He suggested
preparing a comprehensive list of best practices of different police forces.
Encounter killing is
a term said to be used mostly in South Asia, especially in India and Pakistan
since late 20th century to describe alleged “extra-judicial killings
by the police or armed forces”, supposedly in self-defence against suspected
gangsters or terrorists. The term “police encounter” was often used during
Punjab insurgency between 1984 and 95 for action against suspected militants of
separatist movement.
Mumbai police used
this to attack underworld criminals and the practice spread to other places.
Between 2002 and 2008, there were 440 cases of police encounters in the country
- over half of them (231) in UP. Between 2009 and 2013, the number went up with
555 cases - UP again registering the highest number of 138.
Pakistan is notorious
for fake encounters particularly in Karachi. Human Rights Watch reported 2,108 police
encounter killings in Pakistan in 2015. In the US, the number of deaths due to
police action, at times raise controversies and public protests. In Britain, police
officers are given certain powers to enable them to execute their duties.
“Policing by consent” is the practice in Britain which in the eyes of the
public legitimises policing that follows principles of transparency of powers, integrity
in exercising them, and accountability in performance.
National Human Rights
Commission and the Supreme Court have taken serious view of encounter deaths in
India and have given certain directives on proper procedures to be
followed. NHRC Chairman in 1997, with
reference to increasing cases of police encounters, stated that under our law,
police have not been conferred any right to take away the life of any other person.
Encounter death, in his opinion, is an offence of “culpable homicide whether
amounting to murder or not unless it is proved that such killing was not an
offence under the law”.
Justice Lodha of the
Supreme Court, in a judgement in 2014, pointed to the right to life and liberty
under Article 21 of the Constitution which cannot be violated except according
to the procedure established by law.
The Supreme Court
also provided 16-point guidelines to be followed as law for investigating cases
of police encounters while acknowledging the difficulties of the police in
dealing with hardcore criminals. FIR should be registered and forwarded to the
court, an independent investigation of the encounter should be conducted by CID
or a police team of another police station, and a magisterial enquiry must be
undertaken.
Encounter killings
affect the image of the police and therefore, police must take all precautions
to prevent need for using force against the suspects. The job of the police is
complicated. For, protecting the suspects, which is necessary for resolving the
crime, is also their responsibility. ---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature Alliance)
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