Round The World
New
Delhi, 14 June 2018
Modi in
Qingdao
TIGHT-ROPE
WALKING !
By Dr.
D.K. Giri
Prof.
International Politics, JMI
Prime
Minister Narendra Modi was at Chinese port town Qingdao last week to attend the
8-country Shanghai Cooperation Organisations (SCO) meeting, held almost in
parallel to G-7 conclave held in Quebec Canada. It is no secret that SCO, led
by China and Russia is aimed at countering the influence of G-7, led by US and
Europeans. Russian President Vladimir Putin was claiming competitive edge of
SCO over G-7 group as he compared these, “The per-capita income of G-7,
countries may be higher, but SCO accounts for 42% of world population and 20%
of world GDP.” Many observers suggest that SCO may be a countervailing
structure to NATO.
In the
light of New Delhi’s engagement with ‘American block’ and Shino-Russian led
groupings’, one could observe that India is back to the ‘balancing act’; ‘straddling
two horses’. There is a difference though, which is yet to be defined in clear
terms. New Delhi, appears to breakout of a constrictive framework, a
non-aligned position, yet bureaucratic conservatism and inertia tend to
reinforce old ways of thinking and operation.
Modi’s
foreign policy looks like it is ‘walking on two legs”. It is perhaps evidenced
by New Delhi’s ability to engage all the major powers, its refusal to be a camp
follower to any power. The focus of the foreign policy is on self-interest, and
self-assurance that New Delhi can carry the contradictions in international
politics by engaging with most powers simultaneously. If New Delhi, in the
past, was professing principles in its foreign policy, now it is being pragmatic,
or trying to do the improbable, adopting an approach of principled pragmatism
although it could be contradiction in terms.
How else one
could explain, New Delhi being actively involved in Quad, comprising US,
Australia, Japan and India, to counter China in Indo-Pacific region; and at the
same time, being a member of BRICS, and since 2017, a full member of SCO, led
by Russia and China?
Curiously,
India was the only country that once again opted out of ambitions BRI project
of China. India is seen to have stood her ground as rest of the seven members
endorsed BRI. Modi reiterated, “Connectivity in SCO region and in our
neighbourhood countries is a priority for India. We welcome such new
connectivity projects that are inclusive, sustainable and transparent and which
respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of nations”. India was
referring to 50 billion China-Pak Economic corridor passing through Gilgit and
Baltistan, in Pakistan occupied Kashmir, (POK) region.
However,
the moot question is, will India endorse and join the BRI project if the route
is diverted away from POK? New Delhi will have to answer this strategic
question? China intends to connect with Europe and Africa through OBOR (BRI).
It wants build an alternative to US hegemony in the world? Where does India
stand in such scheme of things?
Let us
note that SCO meeting was taking place against the backdrop of Washington pulling
out from the Iran nuclear deal, its sanction regime against Russia, and trade
dispute with China. Iran, attended the meeting as an observer member along with
Afghanistan and Mongolia. It was obvious that SCO took up these issues on
board, and formulate counter-strategies to deal with the situation. What
Beijing got out of the summit was India’s apparent backing for China in the
trade dispute with Trump administration. Chinese President Xi Jinping declared,
“We should reject selfish, short-sighted, narrow and closed-off policies. We must maintain the rules of the WTO,
support a multilateral trade system and build an open global economy.” China
was advocating for free and fair trade despite China’s status and image as the
most-closed major economy.
Be that as
it may, what was India’s take away from the SCO summit? New Delhi was
apparently trying to secure Chinese support for her entry into NSG – Nuclear
Supplier Group. It also secured China’s partnership in implementing joint
projects in Afghanistan. Thirdly, Beijing and New Delhi agreed to increase
their trade to $100 billion by 2020, as against $84.4 billion at present.
Beijing agreed to import agricultural items like sugar, non-basmati rice and to
increase its investment to offset the trade deficit. For ease of business, Bank
of China would open a branch in Mumbai. Fourth, Modi in his speech talked of
increasing tourist traffic from SCO countries and promised to organise Buddhist
festival to promote cultural links.
As always,
Modi invented a new acronym for peace and security called SECURE, where ‘S’
stands for Security for all citizens, E - Economic development, C -
Connectivity in the region, U - Unity, R - Respect for sovereignty and
integrity, and E - Environment protection. He talked about his initiatives in
connectivity, like the developing Chabahar port in Iran, for accessing
Afghanistan, the International North-South corridor, a 720-km long multimode
transport project for moving freight among India, Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia and Europe, and the Ashgabat Agreement, a
transport arrangement among several Gulf and Central Asian countries, a transit
corridor to spur trade and investment.
Modi was
sharing his concept of connectivity, “Today, we are again at a point where
physical and digital connectivity are changing the definition of geography”.
Were China and Pakistan impressed or persuaded by such perspectives? New Delhi
will have to reckon with China’s ambition as ‘new power’ and how much balancing
India could do?
As
expected, Modi met other leaders of SCO countries to promote bilateralism.
Interestingly, Modi and Xi Jinping met 14 times during the last four years, the
last one just over five weeks ago, at Wuhan before the SCO meeting. Modi
invited Xi for the next informal summit in India. Modi will have tough
challenge in dealing with China. His discomfort was evident in his speech at
Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore last month, “No other relationship of India
has as many layers as our relations with China... our relationship is maturing
and our trade in growing”. Beijing had promptly welcomed his comments.
Yet, New
Delhi is wary of China’s muscle-flexing, both militarily and economically. Modi
warned that “when nations make international commitments, they must uphold
them”. He was referring to China’s island-building and militarisation in the
disputed South-China Sea. Modi also underlined, “the connectivity initiatives
must be based on respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, consultation,
transparency, viability and sustainability, and empower countries, not to put
them under debt burden”. He was referring here to BRI.
Given
India’s discomfort with China’s expansionist approach, how much New Delhi could
leverage its association with China in several forums, interpersonal dynamics
between the two heads of countries is a matter of speculation and time.
New Delhi
has to decide whether it will settle for an Asia-centric regional arrangement
for security with China on the lead, or it will engage internationally. New
Delhi may have to eventually reconcile to BRI - The main elephant in the room –
without compromising its core interests. What are the options for India? A
close co-operation with China is desirable, but is it possible? One school of
thought suggests, New Delhi should bind Beijing in an extensive trade regime
which will reduce the security risk. The contrarian suggestion is to stand up
to China, with strategic alliances like ‘Quad’ etc. It is matter of diplomacy,
and is situation specific, as nothing is constant in international politics. ---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature
Alliance)
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