Spotlight
New
Delhi, 9 December 2016
Social Change
A TASTE OF WOMEN
POWER
By Moin Qazi
If you want something
said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman. ---Margaret Thatcher
It has been over 20 years since the 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendment Acts - termed as post-Independent India’s most
revolutionary exercise in democratic decentralisation and devolution of power -
were passed by Parliament. These mandated that one-third seats in all local
governments be reserved for women. The biggest significance of women’s
reservation was that it unlocked the power, talent and determination of
millions of women for driving a new social change that would redefine the
contours of rural society.
Today we can see visible gains of that piece of legislation --1.2
million village women are making their entry into public life every five years.
Many of them are unlettered but they use their quotidian wisdom and sharp
instincts to steer development in their communities.
As Gandhi stated: “Panchayat Raj represents true democracy
realised. We would regard the humblest and the lowest Indian as being equally
the ruler of India
with the tallest in the land.” Gandhi wanted to see each village a little
republic, self-sufficient in its vital wants, organically and
non-hierarchically linked with the larger spatial bodies and enjoying the
maximum freedom of deciding the affairs of the locality.
It is now an item of faith for planners that for addressing
gender issues we need to change social dynamics, and this won’t happen without
women’s fuller involvement in all major spheres-education, economy, politics
and governance. We have for long made paternalistic decision to “protect” these
women, thereby eliminating their ability to solve issues that they face. Why
couldn’t they decide for themselves how to address their issues? Why couldn’t
we equip them to make their own decisions?
Panchayat Raj is another name for this agency or power.
The devolution of power was not so seamless and was beset
with several hassles and it had to ride several storms before it could settle
down. This is not unusual. All revolutions are marked by tremors and seismic
changes. But the growing pains now seem to be ebbing. Elected women heads of
village councils have been gaining control and several of them are now able to
bring about visible development.
Women have catalysed change in large swathes of rural India. This is
despite the fact that female leaders had low literacy levels and socio-economic
status, and little experience, ambition or political prospects until they
assume leadership positions.
During my recent visit to villages, where I had worked as a
banker almost a decade back, I found local campaigns to share basic resources
like land and water, to build schools, trading co-operatives and credit
movements, and to make the Government accountable at the highest and lowest
levels. These are the small revolutions that are changing the world. Women leaders today are more than just mouthpieces
for their politically savvy husband. For most women reserved posts offer the
only real opportunity to bring change to their communities.
In Wanoja village in northern Maharashtra,
Nirmal Geghate, a development activist whom I mentored, was elected as Sarpanch
without a contest. I was wonderstruck by the transformation she has brought
about. There’s a bank, a school, women are out of the house and working on
village improvement projects such as sanitation systems and vegetable gardens.
They have started small businesses. People eat more nutritious food, they use
mosquito nets and repellents to ward off mosquitoes. They know they must boil
water for drinking to protect the family from water-borne diseases.
Even more remarkable is the social transformation that the
movement has wrought. No one drinks. Only a handful smoke! There hasn’t been a
crime here in years. Even the practice of untouchability has weakened. The
village is brisk and prosperous. Signs of rural modernity abound.
“We think this is due
to a role-model effect: Seeing women in charge persuaded parents and teens that
women can run things, and increased their ambitions. Changing perceptions and
giving hope can have an impact on reality”, says Nirmala.
It is not that women are purer than men or immune to the
pull of greed. But there is almost a certainty that women will channel money
into solving more fundamental issues and avoid grandiose schemes that may be for
the good of just the elite. When men control all the levers of money there is
more likelihood that it will be invested in big-ticket construction projects
such as road building where corruption is rife, rather than in schools or
clinics.
“It's about changing the gender imbalance and then we could
do a better job of tackling our problems. From what we can glean, you can tell
this would have a salutary effect,” repeats Nirmala. Anecdotal evidence
supports the view that with more women in public office the quality of
government improves, and with that corruption falls.
The World Bank’s annual World Development Report has
credited the new governance for increasing the provision of clean water,
sanitation, schools and other public goods in the villages, and for lower
levels of corruption. The communities
with women as pradhans (head) had
larger quantities of key public services overall. Nor was quality sacrificed
for quantity—facilities in the women-led villages were of at least as high
quality on average as in the communities with traditional male leadership.
The lesson of PRI is clear: if the wisdom of women at the
grassroots is to become policy, it will have to be by restructuring of a
political system that brings their voice on the dialogue and negotiating table.
Bringing women into power is thus not only a matter of equity but also of
correcting an unjust and unrepresentative system.
Many believe that the removal of poverty, the improvement of
particularly female literacy, improvement in health of girl children, the
achievement of full employment and social integration cannot be effectively
addressed without the kind of democratisation of the representative process
that we are seeing in rural India.
Political restructuring is key to economic growth with justice.
During my entire
professional life in which I have connected with a vast spectrum of communities
of women, I found they have both the
instinct and determination to bring about a change in their own families and in
communities around them. All they need is opportunity. Everyone
is born equally capable but lacks equal opportunity. These women inspire us, and they serve as good examples of how
millions of brave and industrious women are working their way up the ladder,
with dignity and pride. --- INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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