Special Article
New Delhi, 30 July, 2016
Conflict
Of Religions
STOP
CONVERSIONS
By
Eduardo Faleiro
Ex-Union
Cabinet Minister
Religion has emerged as a major source of conflict
across the globe. Wherein, ideological strife has now given way to the “clash of
civilizations and religion would be the cause of clashes within and among
nations in the foreseeable future.
Besides, as famed historian Samuel Huntington points
out, the possibilities of conflict are greater in what he calls the “fault
lines of civilization”, those areas like India where different cultures and
religions do meet. Adding, such clashes could be prevented if appropriate
strategies are formulated and implemented at an early stage so as to ensure
religious harmony.
How many remember that Europe
pioneered the modern concept of secular democracy. But today, whilst there is an
effort to accept multi-culturalism and respect for all religions, there is also
another perceptive of growth of racism and xenophobia.
This trend is primarily due to the rapidly changing
cultural and political landscape in Europe
resulting from increased immigration into European countries. Alongside, the
end of the Cold War, reform of the welfare State and economic globalization are
transforming European society thereby creating a climate of fear and
uncertainty.
Pertinently, most Europeans want a solid and stable
ground to stand on, and this, they feel, can be provided by traditional
churches and religion as opposed to new cathedrals and faiths. Notwithstanding,
this mindset is a step backwards in the cause of religious freedom.
In fact, French law is the most sweeping rule on
religious minorities which currently exists in Europe.
It is feared that it might pave the way for religious intolerance in France as it pursues
a restrictive legislation which stigmatizes minority religions and associates
them with dangerous “sects”.
Recall, in June 1995, the French National Assembly
established a Parliamentary Inquiry Commission Gest nee Guyard Commission, named
after its Chairman and rapporteur. The Commission’s purpose was to study new
religious groups appearing in France
which were labelled as sects wherein 172 groups were identified.
Interestingly, many of these were Christian groups
originating mainly from the US
but some like ISKCON, Association of Sri Satya Saibaba, Brahma Kumaris, Sri
Ramakrishna Mission etc were organizations relating to the Indian cultural
tradition.
Resulting in the French Justice Ministry issuing a
directive to all Government offices to be vigilant against abuses by these
“sects” and monitor abusive cult activities. The only redeeming feature was the
widespread international condemnation this law received which might reflect in
its actual implementation.
Add to this, the Parliamentary Commission of the
Council of Europe adopted a resolution in June 1999 giving priority to
prevention of “dangerous sects” which stated that “major legislation in this
direction is undesirable”. Even as it pointed out that any such law might
interfere with the freedom of conscience and religion guaranteed by the
European Convention of Human Rights.
Further, a document “The challenge of proselytism and
the calling to common witness” was formulated in September 1995 by the Joint
Working Group of the World Council of Churches, which represents the major
Protestant denominations and the Roman Catholic Church.
This refers to “serious concerns about tension and
conflicts created by proselytism in nearly all parts of the world”. Defining,
proselytism as “a conscious effort with intention to win members of another
church” and mentions “instances in the developing world in which proselytism
takes advantage of people’s misfortunes and situations of poverty in villages,
to induce them to change their church affiliation”.
Calling for awareness of “the reality of diversity
rooted in theological traditions and in various geographical, historical and
cultural contexts” it also denounced “the use of coercive or manipulative
methods in evangelism”. Thereby, rejecting “all violations of religious freedom
and all forms of religious intolerance as well as every attempt to impose
belief and practices on others or to manipulate or coerce others in the name of
religion”.
Consequently, “proselytism could violate or manipulate
the rights of the individual and exacerbate tense and delicate relations
between communities and thus destabilize society”.
Elucidating on the nature and characteristics of
proselytism, the essay talks of extending explicit or implicit education and
health care offers, material inducements and using financial resources to
convert people. Along-with manipulative attitudes and practices to exploit
people’s needs, weaknesses and lack of education especially in situations of
distress whereby they fail to respect their freedom and human dignity.
This is not all. It pointed out that “while the focus
is on the relationship between Christians, it is important to seek the mutual
application of these principles also in inter-faith relations. As Christians
and other faiths communities complain about unworthy methods of seeking
converts from their respective communities.
Undeniably, the increased cooperation and dialogue
among people of different faiths could result in persons respecting one another
along-with deference for human freedom and dignity, thus freeing all from
negative activities.
Notably, it warned of organized attempts at mass
conversion and re-conversion backed by financial or political power having an
explosive backlash to the point of undermining public order. In India, mainline Christian theologians see both
the Sangh Parivar’s Hindutva ideology
and Christian campaigns for evangelization of India as having a fundamentalist
attitude and an aggressive methodology to achieve their respective goals.
Most Indian Christian theologians disapprove of
organized conversions, favour inter-religious dialogue and express the need to
study other religions such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and even tribal faiths,
so that Christianity learns from their many valuable spiritual insights.
Clearly, organized drives for conversion and
re-conversion should stop as they violate the Constitution. Yet, specific
legislation such as anti-conversion laws would only promote religious
intolerance and animosity, could be misused by executive authorities. Hence, it
is not justified from the very limited positive results obtained.
Indeed, the Government should subtly promote an
agreement among religious heads of all major faiths in the country and stop
proselytism. Given the positive mindset of theologians belonging to different
religions in India,
this is doable.
In sum, it is vital to ensure religious
peace and harmony. Towards that end we need to formulate a national policy and
an action plan to combat religious intolerance, including proselytism by
creating an independent national institution.
Furthermore, the Government must formulate adequate
training and awareness programmes about religion and religious harmony for
young leaders at all levels and bureaucrats specially the police and other law
enforcement agencies, judges, teachers and social workers
The victims of religious intolerance should be assured
adequate support and speedy administrative and judicial remedies. Also, we need
to combat all forms of expression which incite sectarian hatred and take action
against dissemination of such material in the print, electronic and social media.
Our leaders must pay specific attention to development
of vulnerable groups such as tribals, those who are discriminated and other
weaker sections by providing adequate access to all citizens to education,
health and employment. As also protect the religious, ethnic and linguistic
identity of persons belonging to minorities. All citizens should be made part
of the decision making process. What gives? ----- INFA
(Copyright, India News and Feature Alliance)
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