Economic Highlights
New
Delhi, 25 June, 2016
New Open FDI Economy
INDIA WORLD MANUFACTURING HUB
By Shivaji Sarkar
Prime Minister Modi has virtually
broken from the past and ushered in a new economy. The NDA Government has
allowed 100 per cent FDI in defence, civil aviation, greenfield pharmaceutical projects,
broadcasting carriage services – cable TV, DTH, food product e-commerce and
relaxed sourcing norms for up to five years for single-brand retail trading.
Notably, now IKEA and Apple can have
a sigh of relief as they can set up stores across the country. Foreign
pharmaceutical companies can now also set up their units in the country. The
new rules will help foreign defence firms, food marketing companies to enter India and opens
up aviation sector with increased competition. It has also brought in ‘labour
reforms” through the textile package route.
In fact, the Prime Minister's Office
(PMO) underscored the decisions would make “India the most open economy in the
world for FDI”. Perhaps, this is correct as the country also prepares for mega
telecom spectrum sale.
Undeniably,
the decision to allow 100 per cent FDI in defence marks a major push to defence
manufacturing under the 'Make in India' initiative. Moreover, the Government
has dropped the requirement for ‘state of the art’ technology requirement to
apply for FDI relaxation above 49 per cent.
Arguably, this
does not mean automatic approval for defence deals as those above 49 per cent
still need Government approval but now contracts not involving ‘state of the
art’ technology can also opt for the route, under the garb of “modern
technology.”
While the Government
has been aggressively pushing global defence companies to set up manufacturing
in India,
one of the major limitations cited has been the 49 per cent FDI limit which
meant the Indian partner would hold the controlling stake in the joint venture.
Remember, in
the past the Government had stated that relaxation above 49 per cent could be
given on a case by case basis through the Foreign Investment Promotion Board
(FIPB) for state-of-the-art technology and depending on the extent of
technology transfer.
However,
major Indian corporates had opposed relaxation beyond 49 per cent arguing that
Indian companies should be in control so as to build domestic expertise. Indeed,
the new decision virtually puts Indian companies at par with the foreign
manufacturers. Whereby, there is apprehension that since foreign firms have
technologies, they would have an upper hand.
Besides, the new policy might force
Indian companies to take a re-look at their plans as it reduces the dependence
of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) on domestic manufacturers. As this
might change the business dynamics. But it is possibly a clever ploy so that no
company gets undue advantage in business, security and political brinkmanship.
But, corporates largely sees this as
a win-win situation for the country’s defence forces, local industries and
international OEMs. According to companies like Tata Motors this move would also
enhance the overall Research and Development to develop and deploy
country-specific solutions.
In the aviation sector, undoubtedly,
by opening up the skies, doing away with the five-year operational requirement
to fly abroad will help some of the new airlines set up as joint ventures. In
the long run, it virtually clears the space for entry of any foreign airlines. Wherein
competition is going to be intense and only the fittest is likely to survive.
In addition, this should have been
taken as an opportunity to close down, sale or lease out the Maharaja – Air India – that continuously
drains the exchequer. The public sector airline is bleeding and no amount of
infusion of funds will help get it out of the red. It would be wise for the
Modi Government to unshackle the Maharaja and let it decide its own fate.
Also severe competition is also on
the cards in the broadcasting sector – cable TV, mobile TV and DTH. This area will
also see investments pouring in as it hopes to have a large Indian market.
Still many regions need services of
various kinds. True, there is expectation that high-end clients might have
tailor-made needs but the market at the lower end also has scope for expansion.
There is circumspection too. As the competition intensifies, possibly many
groups could exit as well.
Further, it is also to be seen how
pharmaceutical companies bite the bullet. With the recent curbs on prices of
scores of drugs, they might be a bit slow in investing given they are used to
high profits. Certainly, social service is not in their blood. But if they
decide to come, it is likely that there would be price wars to the benefit of
the consumer.
Importantly, a major hitch for most foreign investors is our labour laws, despite
these being mostly observed in the breach. Recently, India refused to accept WTO norms
on labour which drew flak from the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh.
Yet, the Government has virtually
introduced new norms as it announced the Rs 6000 crores textile package.
Through this it expects creation of one crore jobs in the textile industry over
the next three years. The Centre also plans to invest Rs 74,000 crores in
textiles.
Furthermore, the Government has
allowed short-term employment of up to 150 days against the earlier 240 days.
But now these short-term workers would get wages equal to those employed on a regular
basis.
What’s more the employees can opt
out of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) scheme and the Government would bear
the cost of the EPF contribution and give relief to the employers. It Centre
has also announced an Rs 5500 crores duty drawback for giving a boost to
exports.
There is no gainsaying that hardcore
trade unionists would see this as a dilution of the present norms. But in
practice the industry has been doing this in different garbs. The new rules
would at least ensure that all those working in the industry would be mentioned
in the muster roll and get their legally fixed wages.
The EPF norm dilution would ensure
that there would not be deduction as most such cuts went into dead EPF accounts
whereby such small contributions were difficult to claim.
Clearly, these policies would attract
foreign investors, who were till recently critical of India’s stringent
laws. Simultaneously, it also burdens the Government with responsibility to
protect the workers’ rights.
In sum, the policies apparently were
formulated with precision over a period of time and announced in phases so that
people could realize that the Government is in action mode.
But the industry and the Government
have to do more to get real investment. According to industry grapevines strategies
need to be sharpened which would expectedly have an impact in three to five
years. All in all, followed up with élan it
might change the face of India
as a world manufacturing hub. ---- INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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