Events & Issues
New Delhi, 18 November, 2015
Rising
Temperatures
CLIMATE
PLANS NOT HOPEFUL
By Dhurjati
Mukherjee
Various studies have indicated that
average temperatures are destined to rise between 30 to 3.50C
by the year 2100, which would obviously be disastrous, specially for tropical
countries including India.
Experts believe that the climate action plans submitted by more than 150
countries are not enough to prevent temperatures from rising beyond 20C.
According to a study by Stanford University
and University of California, released last month, India is among
the countries likely to be adversely affected as existing income disparities
would widen between the rich and poor nations in a warming world. A single
degree rise in average temperature could reduce the country’s per capita growth
by one per cent.
“Because India is already fairly
warm, it could be substantially hurt by rising temperatures and hurt ever more
than countries in temperate regions”, Prof Marshal Burke, who led the study
observed. In fact, economic productivity in general would decline at higher
temperatures, affecting severely food production and productivity.
Additionally, a UN report titled
‘Aggregate Effect of National Climate Action Plans’, released on October 30, pointed
out the inadequacies of climate action plans, saying it may spur global
temperatures by around 2.70C by 2100 which would obviously have
grave consequences all around the world. “The Intended Nationally Determined
Contribution (INDCs) have the capacity of limiting the forecast temperature
rise to around 2.7 degree Celsius by 2100, by no means enough but a lower than
the estimated four, five or more degrees of warming projected by many prior to
the INDCs”.
As per the report, the world will
just have nearly 250 giga tonne (Gt) of carbon dioxide for development work
beyond 2030. This is certain to hit poor and developing countries of Asia and Africa the most as these would not be in a position to
peak their emission by 2030.
Even before the release of this
report, the Centre for Science & Environment (CSE), after studying the US climate
action plan and the Human Development Index (HDI) data to understand lifestyles
in rich nations found that these are disastrous for the world climate. The
study ‘Captain America’
lays bare that the world’s most powerful economy is doing very little to combat
climate change.
Referring to this plan, CSE found
the “USINDC is neither ambitious nor equitable” and it puts the world at
“deadly risk” given the impacts of changing climate. One may mention here that
the INDC of the US
promises to reduce emissions by 26-28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2025. But
even then the per capita emissions of India
in 2025 would be around 3 to 3.5 tonnes that is one-fourth of the US even with
the former having such huge population.
Most experts, however, believe that
examining the climate plans of different countries and specially of the top five
polluters, the temperature rise may exceed 30C – with 60 per cent
probability -- as revealed by Potsdam
Institute for Climate Impact Research. Another US based non-profit unit, Climate
Interactive has even predicted that temperature rise will be 3.50C.
Scientists had earlier concluded that a 20C rise would entail sea
level rise up to four feet due to polar icecaps melting, increasing extreme
events such as typhoons, changes in rainfall patterns etc and this is expected
to be more severe now.
Studies have also revealed that
richer countries or blocs like the US, European Union, are promising
cuts which are much below their accumulated shares of emissions. In fact,
developing countries such as India,
China
are committing to much more in comparison. In such a scenario, lot of
acrimonious debate is bound to come up at the ensuing Paris meet. Though the BRIC countries and
other groupings of the Third World would put
pressure on the western polluters at the conference, there is little reason to
be optimistic about the results.
Tackling the problem thus poses a
big challenge in the coming years. With the five top polluters – the US, European, Russia,
China and Japan – being
responsible for around 70 per cent, the onus would be on these countries to
take the initiative in curbing emissions. However, there are grave doubts about
what they would actually be able to achieve, considering their lavish
lifestyles and way of living.
As regards the commitment of the
western countries towards the Third World
since the Kyoto Protocol though technology transfer was agreed there has been
little progress on that front. Environmental-friendly technologies have not
been transferred much to countries such as India so as to enable them to shift
from renewable resources and check pollution growth. Moreover very little
financial resources have been made available by the rich nations, resulting in
the poorer countries not being able to do much in checking greenhouse gases.
Meanwhile, the Green Climate Fund
(GCF), a multilateral fund to help poor and developing countries fight climate
change has been stuck as the nature of contributions and the beneficiaries have
yet to be settled.
At such a juncture just two weeks
ahead of the Paris
talks, there is need to seriously delve into the question of managing climate
change through various options including exhaustive exploration and discovery
of business processes and options for greenhouse gas abatement through research
and development. It goes without saying that adoption of the right strategy for
mitigating long-term climate change risks have been outlined by countries like China, India
etc. and it is expected that they would implement their pledges.
If special efforts are not taken to
check climate change, the impact on agriculture and food security, human
health, water resources, coastal areas would be disastrous, affecting a large
segment of this country’s population. Apart from India,
many other countries of Asia and Africa would
also be affected. One may mention here the need to aggressively promote dryland
farming, soil conservation methodologies, watershed management as also and
other agricultural technologies to the farming community so that food
production is not hampered.
With a steady rise in living
standards of the people of the Third World in
addition to the rapid increase in population growth, there would be increased
demand for food. The Third World countries
would have to adopt the right technologies to ensure that due to the effects of
climate change, food production is not hampered. In fact, there is need to
formulate programmes and strategies for effective promotion and implementation
in this direction. Sooner, the better. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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