Economic Highlight
New
Delhi, 17 October 2015
Research Crunch
RELOOK VITAL FOR GLOBAL LEAP
By Shivaji Sarkar
The call for ‘Make in India’ is sadly
not being matched with research in the country. An area that the billion-plus
nation is definitely lacking in is the research by the large corporate –
foreign or Indian. The Government cannot shoulder all
the research responsibilities. But beyond Government universities and labs not
much research activity is being done either.
At the
same time, research contribution of Indian universities with some exceptions
has so far had a dismal record. Mostly these are repetitious and are carried
out for merely obtaining a doctorate degree to get a career promotion.
The
stipulation of regulators like the University Grants Commission in reality has
meant that by hook or crook a university teacher must obtain a doctorate degree
so that he/she has smooth promotional avenues, irrespective of the quality of
the thesis or reasoning. It is well-known that such degrees can be purchased virtually
off the shelf. There are many such shops running even in the national capital, Delhi. Though the degrees
are genuinely issued by a university many may not strictly speaking be for research.
Teachers
in universities are usually not serious about conducting in-depth research for
many reasons including too many demanding procedures. The Association of Indian
Universities statistics suggest a dire need for conducting research on emerging
issues for the growth and development of the society.
The
researcher is often unaware of advanced tools and techniques. The topics are
too esoteric. The teachers consider the job of being a guide burdensome as the
teaching load takes away most of their time leaving little for the teachers to
update themselves.
Though
some of these could be mere alibi, most teachers say that doing a genuine
research is difficult in the universities owing to lack of facilities. They
also rue the compulsion of obtaining PhD for career progression. In most cases,
PhD is no more a research, says the university fraternity. Despite that 14,000
PhDs are awarded every year!
There are
good teachers but all need not be researchers. Forcing a teacher, who may not
be genuinely interested in doing research, is a disservice not only to him/her
but also to the nation. It is a severe drain on resources. Similarly, there are
good researchers but their performance is evaluated on the number of classes
they have addressed. This is impractical.
A reason
often cited is that the country does not invest much in research. In reality,
this is not true. The UNESCO figures state that India
spent 0.81 per cent of its GDP on research in 2012, whereas the US spent 2.79 per cent and the UK 1.72 per cent.
But India is simply not
getting results as the US
and UK.
Additionally,
there is a great mismatch between input and output – patents, trademarks,
quality research published in scholarly journals. For a PhD scholar to produce
and publish a paper in 20-peer reviewed journals is a herculean task. It is
just not the question of quality but it also requires networking, which most
universities in this country lack.
Further, just
imagine a person getting a PhD for finding out the silly number of micro
newspapers published in the western part of a district in a northern State.
This is happening in languages and many other streams. Even research in science
lacks the seriousness it deserves if one is working in a university.
At the
same time, some of the labs may be doing better and at least it can be said
that not all is bunkum, when it is delinked from a doctoral degree. Today, India has its
hydrocarbon map prepared by National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI). It
is because of that study that oil and gas has been found in Rajasthan, Godavari basin and many other areas. It also has indicated
the places where gas hydrates can be spotted. Similar achievements have been
done by BARC, ISRO and some other labs. Even the Railways lab RDSO has helped it
achieve unique standards.
It must
however be remembered that what these labs have done as research was
institutional activity led by a large team. That is the difference between
universities and many of the CSIR, IARI and other government labs.
Yes, India has a
problem that it has fewer researchers. But it is also true that some
researchers who could not do well in the country have migrated and excelled in Germany, the US and many other western
countries.
According to OECD data, India has 119 researchers per million of the
population, compared to 1,564 in China,
2,706 in the UK, 4,605 in
the US and 6,807 in Iceland. In
terms of the number of researchers per 1,000 people employed, India, with 24 researchers, ranks below China (115), Japan
(131), the European Union (231) and the US (324). This is an indication
that somewhere the country has not been stressing on research despite Prime Minister
Narendra Modi’s call for ‘Make in India’.
With the corporate sector looking
only at its profits and not coming forward to take the responsibility of
encouraging and supporting research, should the government alone shoulder the
responsibility? Recall, the CSIR encouraged the development of the electric car
REVA and instead a large private group made the best of it by owning it. Can
the Government work all the time at public cost to boost private profits? No.
It can only be a catalyst. But why should it bear all the costs and if the hard
work is transferred should it not get the investment plus other costs be taken back?
These are many issues, which yearn
for a discussion threadbare. India
cannot simply follow the Chinese models to promote research in universities, as
scientist Prof Yash Pal says. And not all universities can do research. Those
which cannot do should be freed of this responsibility.
The Departments of Science and Technology will spend Rs 15000
crore ($340 million), and Information Technology Rs 500 crore, amounting to 0.6
per cent of the country's gross domestic product in the next five years.
Spending has not been a problem. How to generate results is.
In the past seven decades, India has done
a bit. It is now time for consolidation of efforts to take a giant leap. This calls
for a review. The compulsion on doctoral studies must be done away. It
requires setting up of research pattern for the next at least three decades in
all disciplines. Industry too not only needs to contribute but also must share
costs in promoting specialized studies as it is the largest beneficiary.
An inter-disciplinary review to
promote the culture of society-centric research is needed to take a leap in the
global arena. The Government has to step in to have synergy in all spheres.
Research is necessary but it has to have the right orientation and the right
partners and not just the numbers. ---INFA
(Copyright, India
News & Feature Alliance)
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