Events & Issues
New Delhi, 7 October 2015
India’s Climate Goal
ENFORCEMENT
OF PLAN VITAL
By Dhurjati
Mukherjee
In its bid to face the climate
change challenge along with other nations, India
has finalised its roadmap—the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDCs), close on the heels of the 21st Session of the Conference of
Parties to be held in Paris
in December. New Delhi
has sent its plan of action to the UN Forum for Climate Change, after releasing
the same on Gandhi Jayanti.
India has promised to curb
intensity of greenhouse gas emissions by 33-35 per cent by 2030 over 2000
levels, boost clean energy in electricity generation by 40 per cent and add
carbon sinks amounting to 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes by CO2. The
38-page document estimated that the country would need around $2.5 trillion
between now and 2030 to implement its targets to curb emissions and adapting to
climate change. However, there is no commitment to a peaking year as to when
emissions would be capped and there are sector specific targets.
It is understood that the focus of
the country’s plan has been to switch to energy efficient lighting systems,
climate-friendly new building code and improved technology and devices for
household level power consumption. Improved energy efficiency would also be
focused across industries, specially in the steel and cement sectors where this
could be brought about. One may mention here the power efficient technology
that has started in the railway sector which is based on the inputs of the
Environment Ministry, which appears to have taken up the whole matter quite
seriously in drawing up future plans.
However, the question arises about
not only how far the measures would be practicable but how these would be implemented
in the country. It is a well-known fact that environmental concerns are not
given much credence and the various tiers of the administrative process prefer
to ignore these. Strict adherence to environmental rules and regulations is not
mandatory in the country though there may have been some change in recent
years.
Meanwhile, it may be mentioned that
in November last year, China
had agreed to cap its emissions by 2030 as part of a major deal with the US during President Barack Obama’s visit to Beijing. The US also
committed to reduce by 2025 its emissions by 26 to 28 per cent from 2005 levels
though a section of critics were of the opinion that the American targets were
not quite satisfactory.
The present government has also been
somewhat lenient while dealing with industrial units, which have been the main
culprits of violating environmental norms. Many big industries which make
profits of crores of rupees violate environmental rules. Still today when there
is a world-wide cry on maintaining strict environmental standards, most
industrial units violate rules and, if for any reason they are caught, they
simply go scot free only by paying a small amount of money as penalty. The main
sufferers for a polluted environment are obviously the poor and those from the
economically weaker sections who also cannot afford proper treatment and have
to bear the hazards.
The problems of a rapidly declining
environment have assumed enormous dimensions, gravely affecting human health.
Water, air, soil and noise pollution are one of the highest in the country and
in spite of several measures taken, continue to be a challenge to both Central
and State governments. Diseases have been on the rise and experts believe that
high levels of pollution in several areas have been directly responsible for
the increased outbreak of diseases.
India is presently the world’s
third largest emitter of carbon dioxide behind China
and the US.
However, it is also a fact the country’s emissions are less than one-eighth of
that of America and also below those of almost every other comparable country
than Brazil. The Indian argument that the nation cannot be labelled a major
global polluter and that the West can’t lecture it in this regard are subjects of
controversy and debate.
However, the excuse that per capita
emissions of the country are much less than Western countries has been aired
for quite some time now though the total emissions in the country are one of
the highest in the world and have been increasing at a very rapid pace. As is
well said –two wrongs don’t make a right. Sadly, India has done very little to curb
emissions, specially in the power sector and also in various industries from
which both emissions and liquid waste are allowed to pollute surrounding areas
and nearby lakes and rivers.
Recall a report of the UN’s apex
body on climate change (released way back in May 2007) which stated that
reducing emissions in countries like India and China would not hit their
economies though global GDP may be reduced by a mere 3 per cent by 2050. The
developed countries also have to come forward and curb emissions rapidly.
Meanwhile, the government has
following the hard knock taken significant steps in various spheres to curb
emissions. The thrust is on the power sector where the current renewable
capacity of 34,000 MW is being increased to 175,000 MW by 2022. Moreover,
energy saving devices such as LED bulbs have been planned to be inducted on a
massive scale and this is expected to lead to savings of up to Rs 40,000
crores.
However, it is indeed distressing to
note that enforcement of environmental regulations is definitely one of the
poorest in the world, resulting in high levels of pollution of air, water and
soil. Surveys have revealed that cities such as Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai are badly affected
and rank at the lowest rung of the ladder in comparison to other metros of the
world. One can then easily imagine the dreadful state of industrial cities like
Howrah, Kanpur,
Gurgaon, Thane etc.
The debate pertaining to environment
and development has been hotting up for quite some time now not just in India but
globally and experts have contended that growth would not be affected if
environmental rules are followed. Moreover, there have been various innovations
that help in tackling emissions and industry should be encouraged to implement
those measures.
In such a situation, it is
imperative that the West should help tackle emissions in the best possible manner
so that the world could be saved from the scourge of pollution that would have
a devastating effect on future generations. India with its high population
growth should also take remedial measures in not just outlining these but also
ensuring that rules and regulations are properly adhered to. Time is far over
for mere lip service. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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