Round The World
New
Delhi, 11 November 2014
Brisbane G20 Conclave
WILL IT
BAILOUT GLOBAL ECONOMY?
By Ashok B
Sharma
All eyes are set at G20 Summit in Brisbane where leaders of
20 major economies are meeting to salvage the global economy that is striving
to recover from the crisis that hit in 2008. Such an effort is not new.
Immediately after the crisis such a summit took place in Washington
and this annual feature was subsequently hosted in London,
Pittsburgh, Toronto,
Seoul, Cannes in France, Los Cabos in Mexico
and St Petersburg.
This year the turn is for Australia
to host the two-day conclave in Brisbane
on November 15-16.
In fact the routine annual feature
has turned out to be a mere talk shop. No substantial effort has been made at
the multilateral level to salvage the global economy. Whatever efforts are
being undertaken are at national level for generating more demand to keep up
the growth pace of their economy.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi
is attending the G20 Summit along with designated Sherpa, the new Railway
Minister Suresh Prabhu. It is expected that India will make certain
interventions, particularly on the need for financing infrastructure projects
as Official Development Assistance (ODA) funds are drying up. India needs an
investment of over $ one trillion for several infrastructure projects. The Modi
Government is bullish in encouraging the flow of foreign direct investment
(FDIs).
The G20 leaders are expected to
announce a global infrastructure hub in detail at the Brisbane summit which
will bolster and augment the flow in particular of private investment into
global infrastructure, a demand that is estimated to be around $80 trillion
over the next decade.
The developing countries had
demanded reforms in the global financial architecture – the IMF and the World
Bank that would give them greater say and special drawing rights for
infrastructure projects. However, there was some agreement on how
recapitalisation should take place and how special drawing rights should be
redrawn. But unfortunately action is lacking.
According to studies by the IMF,
World, OECD and the UN the recovery in the developed world is slow and almost
stagnant, whereas the recovery in the developing and emerging economies is
comparatively better. If these reports are to be believed then the developing
countries need more assistance in the form of investment to bring around a
turnaround in the global economy.
Brazil, Russia, India,
China and South Africa
jointly set up the BRICS Bank with an initial authorised capital of $100
billion and the initial subscribed capital will be $50 billion, equally shared
among the five founding members. China
launched the $50 billion Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) by roping
in 21 countries, including India.
But the reluctance of major economies in the region such as Australia, South
Korea and Japan
to join the bank casts doubts about its usefulness in funding big-ticket
infrastructure projects. The BRICS Bank and AIIB are not the panacea, whereas
the proposed reforms agenda in IMF and World Bank definitely is a solution to
an extent.
The crisis that began with the
collapse of Lehman Brothers in the US in August-September 2008 spread
across the globe and encircled even the emerging and developing economies in
its octopus clutch. Subsequently, the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone
added to the problem. To rightly say the epicentres of the problem was the
developed world.
The developed world tried to drive
growth through a series of countercyclical steps in the form of injection of
liquidity through monetary easing with attendant ultra-low interest rates. The
efforts on the side of the developing and emerging economies were more through
fiscal stimulus and tax concessions. But this did not yield in putting back the
world economy on its pre-2008 path.
The fact is that the developed
countries have become more selfish and protectionist. They are unwilling to
yield to the just demands of the developing countries for a level-playing field
in multi-lateral trade by phasing out their high level of subsidies, high
tariff regime, protectionist non-tariff barriers and politically motivated
sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) measures to deny imports of food items citing
health and hygienic reasons, excess pesticide residue, heavy metals etc. This
has caused stagnation in the negotiation in the WTO and held the Doha
Development Round to hostage. Attempts had also been made to question India’s food
security agenda.
Similarly in climate negotiations,
the developed world is unwilling to make the desired cuts in their greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions and is pointing fingers at the emerging and developing
economies that have the right to development permissible under “common but
differentiated responsibility”
However, Australia is hoping for a
successful outcome in the form of a “Brisbane Action Plan”. It has contended
that growth strategies would need to include “practical actions to improve
productivity and competitiveness, strengthen investment in infrastructure,
encourage trade, make it easier to do business and boost employment”.
At September 2014 meeting of G20
Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in Cairns, the leaders had discussed the agenda
of the G20 summit. The IMF and OECD reckoned that the new growth strategies of
G20 members collectively would deliver two per cent increase in global GDP over
five years. If such a strategy works out it would add $2 trillion to the global
economy and millions of new jobs.
Australia has assured during its
Presidency of G20 it would like to see completion of financial reforms in four
principal areas that had been the causes of the 2008 crisis and therefore
emphasis should be given to resilience of banks, preventing and managing the
failure of globally important financial institutions, making derivative markets
safer and improving oversight of the shadow banking sector. India is a
member of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and is expected to support such
moves.
Other issues of interest to India
and the developing countries are job-oriented growth strategy, effective action
on base erosion and profit shifting by multinational corporations, moving
towards automatic sharing of information in tax matters, global change in
energy mix, greater transparency in energy market leading to more free
competition, dialogue on gas market, prevention measures for spread of Ebola,
limiting tax on diaspora remittances to five per cent etc.
The world is eagerly looking for the
outcome of the G20 Summit in the form of Brisbane Action Plan for bailing out
the crisis-riddance global economy. Past conclaves have not yielded substantial
results. Hopes are on Brisbane G20. --- INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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