Economic
Highlights
New Delhi, 10 October 2014
Hi-Tech Producer
INDIA TAKES FIRST STEP
By Shivaji Sarkar
The Narendra Modi government is
getting into action mode. It has set the defence industry free from controls of
the socialist era and mulls over Production Price Index (PPI) to replace Wholesale
Price Index (WPI). The decision to allow higher foreign equity investment in
the defence industry has set it rolling. So far, 33 deals at different levels
have been allowed to go into production. In 14 cases, the Government has told
the industry that licence was no longer required.
The past five years of UPA had seen
a policy paralysis. Even the simplest decision such as this was put off. Bureaucratic
and leftist fears of keeping the industry in shackles for reasons of “safety
and security” had led many to convolutions. A major reservation all along was
whether the private sector would be able to keep the necessary wraps over many
critical productions. In fact, during UPA’s term, the Commerce and Industry Ministry’s
plea to increase the FDI cap for the sector was repeatedly blocked by the then Defence
Minister AK Antony, who had to contend his leftist political rivals in home State
of Kerala.
Defence production since Independence has been the
preserve of public sector companies and much of it by ordnance factories. These
factories have been doing well. However, a major constraint plaguing them was
investment, followed by technology, and inexperience in marketing practices.
The critics of production in the private
sector had distrust for private corporate. The distrust has not been removed
totally but some level of confidence has increased. It is now being realized
that the State sector for all its limitations cannot fulfill the aspirations of
the nation to become a defence production hub.
Previously too, whenever the Government
defence units sought assistance and technology to produce some defence
equipment from Soviet Union, Japan and France, the going was not
absolutely smooth. Even in the heydays of socialism in the 1960s, the
realization was that the country alone could neither produce nor develop
technology for all critical needs.
The Government has thus taken a
pragmatic decision. However, critics would still have an option to say some of
the largest corporates such as Reliance Aerospace and Punj Lloyd have cornered
the deals to produce weapon launchers, torpedoes, rocket launchers and combat
vehicles. So far, 19 such proposals of different groups including Tatas,
Mahindra and Bharat Forge have been cleared.
Tata Advanced Systems would produce
parts of aircraft and spacecraft, so far the preserve of ISRO, ECIL, EIL and
related organizations. Mahindra would produce aircraft parts and sophisticated
communication. Bharat Forge would make guns, howitzer, armoured vehicles and
electronic surveillance system. These were either acquired from foreign sources
or produced partially in different ordnance factories.
While the decision would give wings
to the private sector industries to produce critical productions, security
remains an issue. But in a market of intense international competition and with
investments by foreign partners up to 45 per cent in the case of Reliance
Aerospace and 37 per cent foreign stake in Bharat Forge and at various other
levels with the other defence manufactures, it should be realized that the
industry would like to keep most of it under wraps to withstand competition. The
Government in the meantime is working on easing other norms to pave way for
larger sales of the products.
Importantly, all these companies are
exposed to heavy foreign investments. It is expected that the Government’s move
would turn the country into a defence manufacturing hub in Asia.
As of now, the US
remains the biggest arms related producer. Hopefully, in the next few decades,
the initiative would make India
an international manufacturer in arms, rocket launchers and aircraft building.
Additionally, it is a highly
skill-oriented industry. It would open up jobs for highly qualified technical
and marketing persons. If the industry manages itself well, it can usher in a
brain gain as critical manufacturing takes off in the country.
This apart, the Government also needs
to correct an aspect of marketing. Lobbying is an essential part of defence
sales. It involves major cuts. Steps have to be taken to rationalize the system
of giving commissions to agents lest the country is accused of unethical and unacceptable
practices. These would make marketing of such expensive products easier.
Another aspect that would have to be
taken care of is creating linkages with universities and IITs to develop the
necessary human resources for this hi-tech industry. Presently, the Indian
education system is not oriented fully to this aspect of critical technological
production of varying arms and related system.
The creation of the HR synergy would
also require large investments. The fall-out would be of immense importance to
the future generation. The Government would need to ensure that technical and
university degrees have less duration and are less expensive so that optimum
results could be obtained for the burgeoning populace.
As the country sets on to become a
manufacturing hub, it also needs to look at the price index afresh. The present
wholesale price index does not at all include the services along with some
other items. The Government is looking into it and has decided to introduce PPI
on a trial basis.
The PPI is already in vogue in many
countries including the UK, Australia, Germany
and Chile.
The Government would initially release it on a quarterly basis as Australia does.
All other countries release it on a monthly basis unlike the WPI, which is
released every week.
The PPI would have an impact on
fixing prices and wages. Presently wages are linked to WPI despite the fact the
Consumer Price Index (CPI) is much more volatile. This not only keeps the
increase in wages under check but also gives a large cushion to the industry in
keeping the wages low. The details of PPI are yet to be known. It is presumed
it would help check the wage rise more effectively and rake in industry
margins.
However, the workers’ trade unions
so far have not accepted the PPI. Some trade unions such as the Bharatiya Mazdoor
Sangh (BMS) have expressed their apprehensions and want elaborate discussion
before its introduction. At its end, the Government may accept some
modification. But its priority is to bring the country into a mode of action.
It views industrial and manufacturing growth as an essential to turn around the
economy. The workers may have to suffer a bit for this ambitious approach,
which is for keeps. ---INFA
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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