Political Diary
New Delhi, 31 May 2014
Repeal Of Article
370
IS J&K MORE
VITAL THAN INDIA?
By Poonam I Kaushish
Knots and crosses. Everybody seems to be busy playing this
game when it comes to Kashmir. The Centre is
busy disentangling Article 370 knots while the State works overtime to ensure they
are not easy to cross. Both trying to get the better of the other, citing history,
politics, legalities, Constitutionalities et
al with the devil taking the hindmost!
The face-off started innocuously with the Minister of State
in the PMO Jitendra Singh calling for discussion on Article 370 to try and “convince
the unconvinced” on its disadvantages. All hell broke lose with J&K’s Chief
Minister Omar Abdullah slamming Modi, “The Article is the only Constitutional
link between the State and the rest of India.” It is legally and
politically inter-dependent. If one goes, the other goes too, cooed PDP’s
Mehbooba Mufti. The Congress too joined the row with its own pitch: The Article
is irrevocable.
What is it about Article 370 that raises political tempers
and hackles? Can one justify why Kashmir
should get ‘special status’? Given that the Article has become the biggest
impediment to integration of J&K into the Indian Union and symbolises the
emotional delineation between Srinagar and New Delhi.
Like it or not, it has for better or worse, become the most touchy
feature of the larger Kashmir dispute post the State's accession with the
Indian Union in 1947 as also within the three regions of J&K in the
immediate. Namely, Muslim Kashmir Valley where the Article is sacrosanct, Hindu
Jammu where its abrogation is vociferously supported and Buddhist Ladakh which
demands Union Territory status.
Recall, when India
and Pakistan gained Independence in August
1947 J&K chose to remain Independent. But on 6 October when Pakistan attacked the State, the then Maharaja
Hari Singh signed the “Instrument of Accession” wherein the Indian Army were
deployed there to save Kashmir. After that
power was handed to Sheikh Abdulla who asserted that the final decision about
the Instrument of Accession would be taken by State Assembly.
Thereafter, Kashmir was
given special status, and Article 370 imposed. Under this Article, J&K has
a separate Constitution of its own. Also, except for defence, foreign affairs,
finance and communications, the Central Government can make laws only with
concurrence of the State Assembly, practically giving it the Veto power.
Further, Article 352 and 360 for declaration of national and
financial emergency respectively cannot be applied in Kashmir.
It can declare emergency only in case of war or external aggression, not even
internal disturbance or imminent danger unless it is made at the request or
with the concurrence of the State Government.
While a citizen of the country has only Indian citizenship,
J&K residents have two citizenships. Moreover, they live under a separate
set of laws, including those relating to ownership of property which bars an
Indian citizen from purchasing land/property in the State. Wealth Tax, Gift Tax
& Urban Land Ceiling Act do not operate in the State.
Sadly, Nehru’s promise that Article 370 was a temporary
provision and would get eroded over a period of time has turned out to be a
chimera. Worse, it has been made into an “untouchable” provision. Whereby the
President has no right to suspend the Constitution, Supreme Court orders are
not applicable on J&K, Parliament has no power to legislate Preventive
Detention laws, citizens from other State’s can not get citizenship of J&K.
Look at the absurdity. A Kashmiri girl looses her J&K
citizenship if she marries any person residing elsewhere. But if she marries a
Pakistani both will get J&K citizenship. Clearly, such a discriminatory
provision not only compromises on the right to live with dignity but should
have no place in Indian law.
This kid glove treatment also envisages that Article 356
under which the President can impose his rule in any State cannot be enforced
in J&K without consent of the Governor who himself is an appointee of the President.
The State can also refuse building of any cantonment on any site or refuse to
allot land for defence purposes.
Those hankering for its repeal argue that the Article 370
conveys a wrong signal not only to Kashmiris but also to the separatists, Pakistan and the international community that
J&K is still to become integral part of India. It also delinks the State
from the country’s mainstream, resulting in its non-development.
This in turn leads to fostering a “secessionist psyche” and
fissiparous tendencies whereby anti-nationalist elements thrive by receiving shelter
from Pakistan
thereby abetting cross-border terrorism. Indeed, Article 370 is a boon for
Kashmiri separatists leading to proliferation of rabid anti-India leaders.
Woefully, this has lead to alienation of the youth not only
in terms of jobs and livelihood whereby there is no Indian-ness among the
Kashmiris. It has deprived the State of industrial development thanks to doors
being shut for outside investment.
Pertinently, during the Constituent Assembly debate Dr.
Ambedkar, had cautioned Nehru on the plea that the Article could would cause a
further division and create difficulties in the full integration of the State
with India.
Also, it would sow the seeds of separatism in the Valley. Undeniably, his fears
have come true.
On the obverse some Kashmiris underscore the 1975 Kashmir
Accord between Sheikh Abdullah and Indira Gandhi which reiterated “the
relationship between J&K and the Union
will continue to be guided by Article 370.” Arguing that this was a categorical
official assertion granting permanency to what originally had been adopted as a
'temporary provision' of the Constitution.
Besides, the Constitution of India itself stipulates that
Article 370 can be amended “only with the consent of the J&K Constituent
Assembly” which went out of existence way back in 1957.
Bluntly, how is it possible that Kashmir agrees to be part
of India but refuses to
recognise or accept India’s
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State policy. Not only is this
discriminatory but tantamount to the State being a part of India yet not a
part. Ridiculous to say the least!
Undoubtedly, the Abdullah’s, like politicians of their ilk
is looking at the short end of the stick, ignoring vital and more significant
long-term implications for the country as a whole as well as separatist
politics within and outside Kashmir. Pakistan’s agenda is very clear; the unfinished
agenda of Partition is annexation of Kashmir.
What next? Clearly, Article 370 completely derides the fact
that Kashmir is an inseparable part of India by marking it as a special
and different State, which spells danger for the nation State. Add to this, it
has weakened and constricted the political and Constitutional integration of the
state of with India
True, Article 370’s legal and Constitutional dimensions will
ultimately determine its fate when the time comes. But till then Prime Minister
Modi has to walk a tight rope. Any wrong step would have national repercussions
of loosening the political and Constitutional relationship between the State
and the rest of the country as also its politico-emotional fallout. Those who
oppose Article 370 need to answer one question: Is Kashmir more important than India? What
gives? ----- INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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