Round The World
New Delhi, 29 May 2014
India-Pak Ties
STATUS QUO OR
PROBABLE CHANGE?
By Prof. Arvind Kumar
(Dept of Geopolitics &
Intl Relations, Manipal Univ)
The
positive atmospherics created from Nawaz Sharif’s visit to New Delhi during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s
swearing-in ceremony has certainly laid the foundation for the future of
India-Pakistan relations. It has been mainly seen in the context of India’s willingness to send a signal to the rest
of the world about its intent and fundamental goal in resuming peace dialogue
with Islamabad.
It must be pointed out that the time New Delhi sent
the invite to Sharif and other SAARC leaders a lot of debate had centered on
how India
is going to be seen in its neighbourhood as well as by the rest of the members
of the international community.
Undoubtedly,
India’s approach towards its
neighbours in general and Pakistan
in particular connotes the beginning of a new chapter in Indian politics and
its evolving foreign policy contours. The acknowledgement on the part of SAARC
leaders that India’s role
will be crucial and decisive for the region reflects the growing acceptance of India both at
the regional and global stage. Indeed, New
Delhi’s prominent and proactive role in leading world
affairs is being envisaged by the SAARC countries.
However,
it would be too early to say that there is a paradigm shift in India-Pakistan
relations. The relationship between the two is the most complicated one and the
intricacies and complexities involved at the bilateral level are too deep to
unravel. The mere visit of Sharif to New
Delhi does not augur well with the larger expectations
of the people in both countries. The challenges before him are immense in terms
of bringing different constituents of their decision making together and build
a consensus. The role of the Pakistani Army and Inter-Services Intelligence
(ISI) in the overall consensus building on any policy matters relating to India has been
phenomenal. Whether the Pakistani Army and the ISI is an integral part of Islamabad’s decision-making system remains a question
before India.
In
no way during the one-on-one discussion with Modi, did Sharif commit to fulfill India’s demands of dismantling
terrorist networks, which makes it obvious that he alone cannot take decisions.
Pakistan
has become a victim of its own State policies of promoting cross-border
terrorism. There are a number of inherent challenges in Pakistan
domestically, especially emanating from the various fundamentalist groups. And
there was a lot of opposition shown domestically even in Sharif’s decision to
participate in the swearing-in ceremony. The Lashkar-e-Taiba had gone to the
extent of announcing that he shall buy a one way ticket.
At
the same time, there seemed to be a lot of expectations from the Modi-Sharif meeting. Undoubtedly, it was noteworthy because
such a visit by the Pakistani side happened after a long gap of roughly nine years.
The last time a Pakistani leader officially visited India was way back in 2005, when
former President Pervez Musharraf and Manmohan Singh were charting out their
strategy to establish cordial ties.
The timing of Sharif’s visit
especially after the attack on the Indian consulate in Afghanistan
certainly indicated the larger antagonism the fundamentalists and militants
have mainly on the probable burgeoning of India-Pakistan relations. The attack
was undoubtedly carried out by Pakistan-backed militants. This was
categorically stated by Afghanistan
President Hamid Karzai to the Indian media. How India
and Pakistan
can create positive atmosphere in this type of situation remains a question to
address.
It must be reiterated
here that in 2013, during his electioneering Sharif had also promised to his people
that he would make all attempts to improve ties with India. Recall that he had even made
references to the probable visa-free travel and an improvement in bilateral
trade. His larger rhetoric in finding a solution to the ongoing India-Pakistan conflict
was taken seriously by the people of Pakistan and was given the mandate
with a majority in parliament.
However, the campaign
promises made by him are yet to be realised. It also reflects whether he has
the adequate support from other constituents to take certain bold decisions. In
fact, India
would have received the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status already had Sharif been
in a position to take an independent decision. So far, the volume of bilateral
trade has sadly not grown to any satisfactory level.
Ironically, on the one
hand, Sharif has made a number of commitments while on the other there seems to
be a lack of any genuine consistency between rhetoric and action. It appears
that there are inherent limitations indeed. Thus, while there were expectations
about the MFN status to India
being provided by Pakistan,
there was no announcement of to this affect by Sharif. The reciprocal
relaxation of Visa rules by both countries also requires attention by the two to
promote the oft-spoken people-to-people contact.
In fact, it is time that
Islamabad realizes that promoting trade with India will be
in its own interest. Pakistan would
get the much-needed economic boost from trade and investment. On its part, India would go
all out to behave responsibly and make serious attempts in resolving conflicts
with its neighbours as it could then look at the larger picture--beyond its
neighbourhood.
It needs to be
reiterated that Pakistan
in general and Sharif in particular have not been able to adhere to the
realization of all promises made for promoting better ties. As always, Pakistan’s military calls the shots and it even
took the decision whether he should visit New
Delhi for the swearing-in! It goes without saying that
Sharif doesn’t seem to have the adequate space to operate freely, especially on
matters relating to foreign policy and national security.
Hence, any development
in India-Pakistan relations will closely be monitored by the Pakistani Army. The
element of trust and confidence will remain crucial for any positive
development in the relationship, more so as Pakistan
has always been suspect on India’s
radar screen. And why not as undoubtedly, Pakistan has been providing covert
shelter to the terrorist groups and has also supported their activities.
Interestingly, it was
generally believed by the members of the academic and strategic community that
the bilateral relationship during Modi’s regime will have a rocky start. It
proved otherwise and Modi showed his vision and maturity in inviting Sharif to India. However,
Modi would need to assess the Pakistani approach, especially in the context of its
various poles of power including the ISI and the Army.
If Pakistan endeavours to promote goodwill with India, New
Delhi’s foreign policy will see a significant and
remarkable change because of its evolving contours of economic and commercial
diplomacy. It is high time Pakistan
should exploit the emerging situation and boost economic partnership with India. Once
economic interdependence is created, other problems will automatically be
sorted out with a genuine commitment and all seriousness.--- INFA
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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