Election Spotlight
New
Delhi, 7 May 2014
Developmental
Growth
ANY
VISION ON GANDHI’S CHARKHA?
By Dhurjati
Mukherjee
The last leg of election 2014 has
sadly seen almost all political parties mired in personal barbs at each other
rather than talk about their vision and plans for the next five years. The buzz
word of development has indeed taken a back seat. Additionally, poll
campaigning has revealed that the spirit of community development, that was
once a part of our national behaviour, has steadily vanished because certain
traits like jealousy, greed and hatred have overtaken the human individual. And
politicians are no exception.
While the much-talked about Gujarat model triggered a debate, its import has got lost
in the fight for votes on the basis of religion and caste. That development
means something that benefits the masses, assures them not just food but other
basic necessities such as potable water and sanitation and, of course, shelter
– what politicians call ‘inclusive approach’ – has not transformed into reality
because most present day politicians are not interested in this vital aspect.
“Is the growth big business, the
making of huge profits, the achievement of high production – what we seek? Or
is it the quality of life for the majority in terms of affordable basic goods
and services and the freedom to take forward the cultural aspirations of our
plural, social groups that make up India?”, was a pertinent question raised by
a principal of a Mumbai college, which unfortunately got entangled in a
controversy of politicising the college campus.
But wasn’t his approach very much
Gandhian in nature? He had stated that the human development index indicators
and the cultural polarization of the population show that “Gujarat
has had a terrible experience in the last 10 years”. Schools for ordinary
people were neglected while higher education hasn’t been allowed to move
forward. Likewise, renowned economist, Prof. Amartya Sen, too stated that “Gujarat’s record in education and health is pretty bad”
though the State grew at over 10 per cent between 2002 and 2012. Moreover, the
State’s average monthly per capita income of Rs 2472 per person was lower than
the national average though it may be considered relatively developed. It is
only when there is social infrastructure development, the poor and the
economically weaker sections can enter the mainstream of life and
activity.
Indeed, the industrial growth rate
of a State cannot be the sole criterion of grassroot development of the people
as such progress has been seen to benefit the business Houses. And, since such
Houses have close relations with political leaders, these prosper, causing
problems for the poor.
Gandhi had questioned the mode of
development that has been adopted by Gujarat.
He had pointed out way back in the early 40s: “I do visualize electricity,
shipbuilding, iron works, machine making and the like. But the order of
precedence has to be reverse. Henceforth industrialization has been so planned
as to destroy the villages and their crafts. In the state of the future it will
subserve the villages and their crafts”. This has resulted in the rural sector
being neglected, there is heavy influx from the rural to the urban areas and
unemployment and underemployment showing an upward trend.
The college principal has thus been
realistic in noting that no magic or divine miracle will come to the aid of the
Indian people. “Their reasoned choice of individuals and political parties who
promise to work for a real quality of life for all will see India prosper
or flounder on the precipice”.
If Modi follows Chidambaram’s policy
of only focusing on high growth rate without adhering to other requirements of
grassroot development, the quality of life of the poorer segments cannot be
improved. Thus there is need to change the strategy of development and adopt a
policy of good governance with inclusive growth that is so often voiced by our
political leaders but rarely put into practice.
Today, the problems facing the
country are of diverse nature from increasing pollution and warming temperature,
affecting food production to declining agricultural productivity to
insufficient funds for health and education as also rise in unemployment and
underemployment. All these are primarily affecting the economically weaker
sections, for whom the powers-that-be have little concern.
There is a need to focus on the
rural sector and utilize maximum resources for social and physical
infrastructure development. The amended Companies Act, which has made corporate
social responsibility mandatory, must be utilized and the government needs to
direct them in this regard. A company should not be allowed to spend money in
areas of its choice but there should be a central committee of the Corporate
Affairs Ministry which should hand out the projects it could take
up.
This could be one way of resource
generation but other areas have also to be thought of, such as additional
taxation of the super rich and reduction in defence expenditure. For rural
areas to develop, all types of illegal mining must be stopped and strong
monitoring ensured. The Environment Ministry has to play a crucial role to see
that the affected population – who mostly reside in rural and/or remote areas
-- are properly rehabilitated and that mining activities do not cause much
pollution – whether air, water or soil contamination. Corporate houses not
adhering to the laws of the land have to be booked.
The rural sector has to be
rejuvenated and the disparity in incomes and facilities between cities and
towns, on the one hand and rural areas, on the other reduced to the extent
possible. One is reminded of former President A P J Kalam’s vision of PURA
(Providing Urban Facilities in Rural Areas) to ensure that sustainable rural
development takes place. If the new government has the political will and
proper insight, making this a reality will not be an impossible task.
The whole point is that the exodus
from the rural to the urban areas has to be arrested at any cost and this could
only be done through micro-level planning and rural development efforts. No
form of subsidizing the urban middle class at the cost of the rural poor should
be entertained. In this connection, Modi’s assurance of increasing agricultural
support price may help boost up the sector. However, while such a policy has
positive traits of gearing up the languishing farm sector, the resultant effect
of food inflation has also to be considered.
The question that obviously emerges
is will the desired change in our developmental approach come about? One needs
to be optimistic on this count as there are enough indications of a
transformation in outlook occurring in the minds of some-- activists,
economists and a larger section of society. If the young generation gets the
leadership of the political parties, there is hope of a perceptible change in
the developmental policies of the government – both at the Centre and in at
least some of the States.
But one thing is certain that the
poor and the backward sections – the tribals, dalits and other such communities
– cannot be neglected for long as this will have more serious consequences both
on the social and economic front. There has to be developmental growth – more
businesses by the people, for the people and of the people. The vision for the
future should be based on Gandhiji’s charkha, which symbolized that people
would be earners and owners of their own enterprise – the new meaning of
inclusive democratic capitalism. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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