Open Forum
New Delhi, 11 February 2014
Employment
Scenario:
WILL
2014 WITNESS A REVIVAL?
By Dhurjati
Mukherjee
The slowdown in the economy had a
direct impact on employment opportunities in the last two years. With educated
unemployment on the rise, this indeed has been a major problem in the country
as educational accomplishments have not kept pace with employment
opportunities. Presently the official unemployment rate is around 2.8 per cent
but experts believe this to be over 3 per cent. However, measurement of
employment is not an easy task as around 90 per cent of the work force is self
employed or in the informal sector.
Recent surveys indicated that India’s slow
GDP growth reaching below the six per cent mark resulted in new jobs
opportunities slumping by around 18 to 20 in 2012 and 2013 compared to previous
years. It needs to be mentioned here that employment generation is vital for
the country’s economy but the present Government did not pay much attention to
this aspect.
However, indications point out that
in the current year the employment scenario is expected to witness a surge with
the rebound in economic growth. As per estimates of various human
resources consultants, companies are gearing to add around 6 to 7 lakh
employees, if not more, and dole out substantial pay hikes in tune with market
prices. The banking sector is expected to hire aggressively as it has drawn
ambitious hiring plans for officers as well as administrative staff. According
to reliable sources, State-run banks are expected to recruit anything around
50,000-60,000 officers and clerical staff in the first few months of the
current year.
Moreover with new banking licenses
that are expected to be issued shortly, there would be more recruitment by
those who get these licenses for opening branches. It may be mentioned here
that the extent of demand for banking jobs is evident from fact that nearly 10
lakh candidates appeared in the written exams for 19,000 vacancies for officers
in State-run banks!
Other sectors that are likely to
benefit from the steady economic recovery, in terms of jobs, include retail,
IT/ITeS, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, hospitality and FMCG sectors. Apart
from these, the other sectors likely to be involved in the process of hiring
could be infrastructure, life sciences, media, education and entertainment.
Infosys, the country’s second
biggest software exporter, plans to hire 15,000 engineers this year following
improvement in demand in the US
and other Western countries. It can also be expected that other such companies
– both big and small – would continue hiring professionals. IT has now reached
the villages and this development augurs well for spread of education, health
care etc. and also, to a certain extent, in generating self employment.
The infrastructure sector is also
likely to benefit in a big way as the UPA Government would try to start some of
the stalled projects. Also the new government would follow similar lines and
ensure that delayed infrastructure projects do not languish. There are
expectations that demand for jobs will come from the industrial corridors that
have been planned.
The emphasis in the past few years
of developing the physical infrastructure by construction of roads, extending
power and telecom facilities may have had some impact in generating employment,
including self-employment, but has not been adequate enough, considering the
needs of the country. While physical infrastructure has to be focused on, the
somewhat improved infrastructure should be utilized to motivate people to set
up tiny and cottage industries as also agro-based industries – which have great
potential -- through skilled training, on a professional level, and financial
assistance through banks and financial institutions.
Even as new technology and
techniques of increasing productivity (both in the field and factory) tend to
increase unemployment, there have been demands of according Constitutional
guarantee of the right to work. Though the demand has not quite caught up
obviously because only in the socialist countries the citizens have the right
to work in the sense of right to employment but there are no unemployment
benefits as an alternative.
One may refer to a document
prepared by the Union Ministry of Labour (way back in the 80s) which pointed
out: “The overall approach to the concept of right to work has essentially to
be that of creating conditions for the people to find productive work in the
process of development …. However, the inclusion of right to work as a fundamental
right in the Constitution would make it incumbent to provide employment to the
residuary categories of persons who will still be unemployed during the
transition period”.
Economists and planners feel that
the primary reliance must be on the economic system to generate employment. As
such, job generation has to be consciously built into the development strategy
of any country. In India,
for example, of the over 400 million working force, around 220-230 million
continue to depend on agriculture for their living. As the last Economic Survey
pointed out that the country has “to focus on an agenda to create jobs outside
of agriculture, which will help us reap the demographic dividend and also
improve livelihoods in agriculture”.
The big policy challenge ahead is
the creation of more productive jobs by accelerating farm to non-farm
activities and bringing down the share of agriculture in employment from around
52 per cent to say 42-45 per cent in the coming years. But if fewer jobs are
created outside agriculture, more people will be forced to stay on in this
sector, increasing the pressure on land and lowering incomes.
An important aspect that needs to be
mentioned here is the need to bring about a revolution in food processing and
horticulture to explore the potential of these sectors in economic revival and
employment generation. If the development of agro-based industries is given
special attention, this could change the face of Indian villages and generate
employment opportunities. An integrated food law has to be brought in place
instead of the multiple laws and regulations, which prescribed various
standards and affected normal growth of the food processing industry. The whole
employment strategy has to be based on revitalizing all segments of the rural
sector, which had over the years been somewhat neglected.
Apart from development of
infrastructure, manufacturing and services must become the engine of employment
growth. This would have a resultant effect and increase the purchasing power of
the rural population which, in turn, would help the consumer goods and health
care industry to expand in a big way and improve the living conditions of the
people. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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