Round The World
New Delhi, 6 November 2013
Use of Drones
RISING TENSIONS IN US-PAK
TIES
By Prof Arvind Kumar
(Dept of Geopolitics & Intl
Relations, Manipal
University)
The
use of drones by the US
has seen a remarkable increase recently. Whereby, the drones have become a
potent source for fighting the global war on terrorism and addressing the
concerns and challenges of asymmetric conflict and terrorism. Technically,
these drones are supposedly required to eliminate high value targets and since
the onset of the war on terror their use have been highly effective and to a
large extent yielded desirable results for Washington.
Undoubtedly,
the use of drones became a preferred choice during the Bush Administration
especially after the launch of the war on terrorism. But, their use was
stepped-up and intensified during Obama’s Presidency. Since 2009, a modest
calculation suggests the CIA launched roughly 240 drone strikes into Pakistan wherein sometimes Islamabad has connived and many times reacted
vehemently against the drone strikes.
Indeed,
the US is also using drones
in Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia,
Libya and Mali in along-with Pakistan. Thus, we need to
understand the use of drones in a wider context. Obviously, such drones use by Washington does not have
United Nations authorization. Thereby, again being seen as a symbolic message
to the world about US’s intent and fundamental goals. The Obama Administration
wants to project its supremacy and demonstrate that it has the wherewithal to
promote its interests across the world.
Pertinently,
drones are aircraft either controlled by ‘pilots’ from the ground or completely
unmanned and follow a pre-programmed mission. It is auto-piloted but managed by
a robust command and control system. The US
has established a command and control centre at the US Air Force base Nellis
and Creech located near Nevada.
The
drones are mainly categorized into two types: Those used for reconnaissance and
surveillance purposes and others armed with missiles and bombs which are used
to target terrorists with high precision.
The
relevance of satellites especially in controlling the drones’ maneouvers and
maintaining the command and control centre is of utmost significance. In fact,
the most beneficial use of drones is vis-à-vis their air worthiness and cost
effectiveness. They are cheaper and easy to maneouver in comparison to military
aircraft. Recall, armed drones were first used in the Balkans and after
realizing their potential, they are now a preferred choice for the US.
Importantly,
Washington has
been optimizing its interests by constantly using drones for attaining its
objectives and has established two separate squadrons of armed drones. The US
Air Force runs one of the squadrons and the other is run by the CIA. The drones
used by the CIA are mainly to target and assassinate terrorist leaders in Pakistan and Afghanistan but unfortunately
civilians have also become casualties alongside killings of military leaders.
Undeniably,
the use of American drones to kill Pakistani Taliban’s leader Hakimullah Mehsud
recently has raised debates among academic and strategic circles about the
future of US-Pakistan relations. The Pakistani Establishment’s reactions are
not in conformity with US interests.
True,
Hakimullah Mehsud’s killing was a great achievement for the covert CIA
programme wherein, his killing has given relief to Pakistan’s
civil society in general and the South Asia
region in particular. Given that Mehsud was a terror for both as his Pakistani
Taliban has so far killed thousands of people mostly through suicide bombings,
thereby emerging as the main perpetrators of terrorism. Worse, this has
negatively impacted global peace and stability.
The
timing of the drone attack on Mehsud might not have augured well because of the
opposition which the US
received just prior to the attack by none other than Pakistan Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif during his meeting with President Obama. Ironically, Nawaz Sharif
had plans to hold peace talks with the Pakistani Taliban despite knowing their
nefarious designs.
Clearly,
the Pakistani Establishment statement that Mehsud’s killing has derailed the
planned peace process with his Pakistani Taliban does not augur well with the
commitment to eliminate terrorism from the region. Wherein, Pakistan has
become a victim of its own State’s policies. Somehow, there seems to be a lack
of seriousness and genuine commitment on the Establishment’s part in addressing
these ruthless issues confronting civil society and the region.
Besides,
the Pakistani Taliban leaders’ reactions after Mehsud’s killing nowhere reflect
their willingness to engage with Pakistan’s Establishment. The
feelings among its leaders that the Establishment was fully complicit with the US in the drone
strike itself suggest that they have no intentions to move forward and commit
to refraining themselves from terrorists’ activities.
Further,
the varying degree of opinion emerging across Party lines in Pakistan seems
to be signaling a disturbing trend and emergence of a very precarious situation
in the foreseeable future. Instead of making a commitment and fighting this
menace collectively, the divided opinion will further damage peace and
stability in the region.
Notably,
various political Parties have made suggestions but these are mainly in the
form of blocking NATO supply lines in retaliation to the American drone
strikes. Pressure is being put on the Pakistani military to attack American
drones.
Consequently,
Pakistan’s
leadership is in the throes of a great dilemma. It has to fine tune its thinking
and create a balance by mobilizing domestic public opinion against terrorists’
groups and also commit to Washington
about its intentions and fundamental goals.
If
there is a dominant view that the American drone strikes have challenged the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of Pakistan, then it is essential to
address these through public discourses about the mechanism to deal with the US
and invisible forces in the form of terrorist groups.
It
is high time, Pakistan
change its stance and policy and stop working covertly with terrorists groups.
Such a change of policy will certainly be in Islamabad’s interests. Certainly, the US use of
drones has seen a downward trajectory in US-Pakistan ties.
The
need of the hour is to evolve robust mutual understanding and take a pledge to
dismantle all terrorist networks, which have been given shelter by the Pakistani
Establishment over the years. The international community is waiting to see
that commitment from Pakistan.
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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