Events & Issues
New
Delhi, 22 July 2013
Food
Security
COUNTDOWN
ON REMOVING HUNGER BEGINS?
By Dhurjati
Mukherjee
The countdown on Congress’ ambitious
“game changer” idea, the Food Security Bill (as of now Ordnance), has begun.
Less than a month from now the nation’s capital Delhi will be the first to roll out the
scheme on August 20. Thirteen other
Congress-ruled States have been instructed by the party High Command to follow
suit and implement it in “letter and spirit”. The fact that the scheme will be
rolled out on the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister and Congress
leader late Rajiv Gandhi, is indication enough of where the credit is sought.
Preparations are already afoot for the ensuing elections in States, other than
General election 2014. Additionally, the party appears to have worked out its
mathematics and is confident of getting the Ordinance passed in Parliament’s
monsoon session beginning August 5, by winning over some parties opposing
it.
However, though the promulgation of
the Ordinance that entitles two-thirds of India’s population to 5 kg foodgrains
every month at highly subsidized rates is a landmark decision of the its UPA
government, it is riddled with conflicting opinions—possible nay impossible,
realistic nay unrealistic, genuine nay populist move. Indeed, the endeavour could
said to be the biggest-ever Government intervention to fight hunger and
malnutrition as around 80 crore people are proposed to be covered – an
unthinkable target anywhere in the world!
The scheme, which has been in the
news for long proposes to give legal rights to 75 per cent of the rural and 50
per cent of the urban population to buy rice at Rs 3 a kg, wheat at Rs 2 a kg
and coarse grains at Re 1 a kg. Further, 35 kg of grains would be given to each
Antyodaya family irrespective of number of members. Other beneficiary families
would be entitled to 5 kg per member per month at the same price and an
allowance of Rs 1000 per month would be given out to lactating women for six
months up to two children.
How will the Centre achieve the
target will, however, is the nagging question. The combined rice and wheat
production in the country is around 200 million tonnes, of which Government
procurement is only about 20 per cent in a normal year. It is now envisaged
that the procurement will increase and the buffer stock reduced as the
Government needs 61 million tonnes for this programme. Where will it come from
and who will foot the bill?
There may well be a thin silver
lining. At least efforts would be made that food grains no longer rot and
instead come in handy for the scheme. Recall, the Union Food Minister had
admitted June last year that over 8.6 million tonnes of wheat worth Rs 1100
crores was lying in the open, given that the Government had a stock of around
80 million tonnes as against the storage capacity of 64 million tonnes. The
absurd situation had even forced the Supreme Court to observe: “If this is
the position, then increase the storage facility by constructing godowns in
every district…. .If due to lack of storage facility, foodgrains are rotting
and getting wasted, then distribute it free to those hungry. The Government
could also increase the allocation to families covered under BPL Antyodya Anna
Yojana (providing food grains to the poorest) schemes”.
This apart, States would be compelled
to match those who already have schemes in place in the one upmanship game. As
of now, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh and Kerala are providing foodgrains at cheaper
rates than the price formulated by the Central scheme. Recently, Karnataka has
joined in and announced Re 1 a kg rice and 30 kg of rice to each household of
three or more members per month. With
Assembly elections due in Madhya Pradesh, Delhi
and Rajasthan, other than Chhattisgarh, the respective Governments will need to
take this scheme on a war-footing, at least within their electorate.
If these do, then hopefully the
related problem of undernourishment and malnourishment, prevalent in rural and
backward districts, would to some extent be addressed. While there are reports
of pulses to be made available at subsidized rates, the poor families may be
able to purchase these after having saved money on rice and wheat.
The cost to the exchequer, however,
needs to be worked out realistically. The Government claims are being
questioned by numerous economists. The burden for the programme in the current
fiscal, in addition to the budgeted for subsidy of Rs 90,000 crores has been
estimated by Edelweiss Research at Rs 10,000 crore, which is quite a reasonable
amount. This is simply 0.1 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP). But
once the Bill is implemented, the additional cost burden would rise to over Rs
25,000 crores (or even more) per annum.
Whatever be the disagreement, it
needs to be pointed out that successive Governments had attempted but failed to
eliminate the ghost of starvation deaths, which have been continuing to prowl
the countryside routinely claiming lives silently – most of which go
unrecorded. And it is indeed distressing that the high incidence of hunger
remains in our country, which has enough foodgrains, indicating a failure to
reach out to the deprived sections of society. One may mention here that China’s economy, which is four times bigger than
India,
has made remarkable progress in reducing hunger. A year or two back India had been ranked ninth in the Hunger Index
while other South Asian countries such as Sri
Lanka, Pakistan
and Bangladesh
were more successful in reducing hunger.
As is well-known of the three
essential things for a common man --roti,
kapda aur makaan, (food, clothing and shelter), food tops the list. The
Constitution has guaranteed the most precious fundamental right – the right to
life under Article 21. But it is shameful that through the 65 years of
independence we have not been able to provide the basic to our millions.
Has the time come now? Though some
so-called economists have argued that it is a populist scheme and a burden on
the exchequer, such rhetoric should not be considered. More so, in keeping in
mind the country’s masses – the poor and the underprivileged, for whom Mahatma
Gandhi led a crusade throughout his life. Even recently the Supreme Court
stated: “Poverty demands affirmative action. Its eradication is a
Constitutional mandate”. Will the Bill prove such an action? ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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