Economic
Highlights
New Delhi, 24 May 2013
Food Security Bill
INSPECTOR RAJ ENSURED!
By Shivaji Sarkar
The New York Times headline screams: “Hunger in US at a 14-Year High.” President
Obama states: “hunger rose significantly last year”. However, researchers
in a Department of Agriculture report are blunt and state that people are
experiencing “food insecurity” or even “very low food security”.
In India, the
Government states it will “eliminate” hunger “officially”, if the Food Security
Bill is passed by Parliament. However, the new law may not ensure food security
because the procedure to prove one’s eligibility is not easy in a quagmire of
KYC – know your customer – queries. It is plaguing the LPG buyers, bank account
holders and almost all supposed entitlements or commercial transactions like
the railway ticket.
Would the law
ensure food grain? Yes, says the Government. But it shall be only rice, wheat
and millet, at Rs 3, 2 and 1 a kg to the extent of 35 kg in rural area and 20
kg in urban area. In effect it would be turning the entire nation into a
massive ration shop and managing it is a formidable and unnecessary
proposition.
Importantly,
why does the US
not need this kind of a public distribution system (PDS)? Simply because it has
evolved a system wherein food items, not just food grains, are available at
affordable prices. Neither the mode of travel is as expensive as in India, nor the fuel
expensive. Plus, it is carried out through a chain of private business
functionaries and that subsidies have played a significant role in keeping the
food prices low. If despite that hunger is increasing there, though only in
minor percentage terms, it shakes that nation.
India has done
just the opposite. It has ensured that inflation remains at a high level. Food
prices have increased by over 36 per cent in the past over three years. The Government
has stacked excess rice and wheat. The Food Corporation (FCI) warehouses have
been overflowing. As much grains rot every year as much procured.
Recall, the
UPA Government was repeatedly asked by Supreme Court to release food grains to
make these available to the poor to ensure that they did not remain hungry. It was
also advised to release food grains in the market to keep the prices under
check and utilize the FCI as a market interventionist agency. Sadly, the Government
turned a deaf ear. It invites an intense probe.
Since 2009,
the UPA Government except expressing “helplessness” has done precious little. Are
governments in this country so helpless? In 1963, when the Nehru government
introduced PDS on a massive scale in the wake of drought, it did not seek the
shelter of a law for food security. In fact, even today the Government doesn’t need
it.
Pandit Nehru
realized it was a constitutional obligation to provide food to the people. Even
if it is not mandated by any statute, it is the State’s responsibility. Recall,
when Louis XVI failed to do so and Marie Antoinette called upon the Frenchmen
to have cake instead of bread, the nation had a historic revolution—a culmination
of bad governance and denial of food to its people.
In India, how
would a law ensure food security? On the one hand, efforts are on to reduce
subsidies particularly in agriculture, denying investment, making farming
expensive, convoluting the food grain market—all resulting in stagnation of
production level. On the other it is shedding crocodile tears.
The recent
Economic and Social Conference for Asia and
Pacific (ESCAP) report has come out with the worst indictment. It blames the Government
and its agencies for allowing betting and “financialisation” in food items
through the commodities futures market. It virtually opens up a Pandora’s Box
as it unfolds the mystery of food inflation. The ESCAP analysis is based on
data and facts provided by the Government, implying it is well aware of the
“game” that is being played in the food market.
Is that the
reason why Minister Kapil Sibal calls the food Bill as a “game changer”? It is
certainly not changing the “game” for the poor and hungry people. Sibal or for
that matter the entire Government has the least concern for the poor. The
latest National Sample Survey (NSSO) records that now 73 per cent of the people,
against 64 per cent in 2004-05, are not getting the minimum prescribed 2100
calories. Does it not mean that between 2004 and now more people have slipped
to below poverty line?
Additionally,
how would a Government that is plagued by corruption, fiscal and current
account deficit ensure about Rs 1.5 lakh crore additional allocation for food? It
would do so by levying additional taxes, like it did when it allocated Rs
40,000 crore for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employee Guarantee Act (MNREGA).
It increased excise duties, introduced many cess, made service tax universal
and also raised the rates. It has resulted in impoverishing the emerging middle
class. Now they at best could be said to be at the edge of the poverty line, as
the NSSO survey stresses.
Further, the
food bill is too cumbersome. Apart from ensuring food grain it even has an agenda
for maternal and child support, counseling for optimal infant/young child
feeding, nutrition take-home for children under three (nobody knows how),
cooked mid-day meal in Government and aided school, maternity entitlements of
Rs 1,000 for six months for pregnant women, universal health care, revitalisation
of agriculture and food production and much more.
Importantly,
revitalisation of agriculture would cost Rs 1.1 trillion. From where would the Government
shell out this amount? It also has provision for compensation of loss of
entitlement and wonder whether it is really possible? In fact, much of it reads
like an election manifesto. The aim appears obvious, but the road map unclear.
In 1960s,
the youth spent almost seven years of their precious life queuing up at the
ration shops and often returning without a morsel of grain. The reason being the
black market in all food items thrived during those years. So did the desi
unscrupulous traders and government inspectorate. Does this Government want a
repeat?
With the Green
revolution supplies were ensured as well as a thriving open market. Food prices
dropped as Government investment in agriculture and subsidies went up. The UPA-II
policies are cutting down farm investment, subsidies and making it difficult
for farmers to meet the rising cost of inputs. During the past over 20 years,
over 44 lakh hectare land has gone out of the farm sector to SEZ, industries
and the real estate, with the latter acquiring over 16 lakh hectare alone.
This apart,
the FCI is gradually reducing procurement, leaving it to the private sector. Clearly,
the Government would not be able to ensure adequate food production or stocks. The
new Bill would be used to purchase food grains from private players and
international dealers at inflated prices. This explains why FDI in retail has
been opened up to 100 per cent. In effect, the Bill would ensure a thriving
foreign wholesale and retail sector and its provisions are likely to open up
legal route for involved “players” in a “game” to get rich quick.
Indeed, it’s
difficult to believe that the Bill would ensure food security. In all
probability it won’t. Security can be ensured without the bill if food is made
available at affordable prices, inflation is controlled and food production is
increased by scrapping the Land Acquisition Bill and seeking larger public
investment in the farm sector. Would somebody do that? ---INFA
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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