Events & Issues
New
Delhi, 18 February 2013
Higher Education
SHIFT FOCUS FROM IITs, IIMs
By Dhurjati Mukherjee
The
Planning Commission has rightly pushed for more reforms in higher education to
tackle what it terms as “deteriorating quality” and “eroding public confidence”
in the country’s education system. In a recent directive to the Human Resource Development
Ministry, the Commission has specifically asked it to shift its focus from the
country’s excellent institutions – the IITs, IIMs and the likes – and instead
focus attention on revamping the State and private sector institutions, which
enroll over 97 per cent of total students in higher education.
Given
that the nation has its goal to double enrollment in higher education by 2020,
the Commission means business. In a letter to the Ministry, the Planning body
has aptly noted: “The strategy to improve quality has to be based on national
initiatives that benefit a wider range of institutions by creating strong
performance culture through effective use of grants, focus on evaluation and
feedback of both teachings and research through information disclosure to
enhance student’s choice and acceptability.”
This
apart, it has identified 15 strategic issues which it feels should be on the Ministry’s
radar for the next five years. These include, increasing the capacity of
existing institutions to enroll more students rather than starting new ones, raising
the budgetary support for equity related measures through targeted, integrated
and effective equity related schemes to replace the existing maze of diffused
schemes, more autonomy, better evaluation of performance and higher quality
teaching standards with latest inputs and transparency in fee determination,
placements and faculty appointments.
The
Commission’s advice comes close on the heels of President Pranab Mukherjee’s
emphasis on improving the nation’s higher education standards through various
methods, including adopting flexible education models such as open and distance
learning so as to increase the reach of education. He made a note of the fact
that though enrolment in such programmes doubled from around 22 lakhs in
2006-07 to over 42 lakhs in 2011-12, a lot more needs to be accomplished.
“Use of
information technology and innovative technology can usher in new vistas and
provide increased coverage through opportunities and distance learning affords
to those requiring flexible learning options”, Mukherjee has pointed out.
Another
aspect which he rightly stressed at several conferences, including the Indian
Science Congress, has been on research. According to him, research is a finer
product of education leading to innovation, technological advancement and
process perfection which are responsible for shifting the production frontiers
and creating greater capability for future growth. The President thus wanted
more stress to be given to science education and revitalizing the institutes
all over the country for better teaching and research.
One
cannot deny the fact that reforms are imperative in the higher education sector
to meet the growing demands of the country. Though enrolment in higher
educational institutions increased from 1.39 crores in 2006-07 to 2.18 crores
in 2011-12, the demand is much more and increasing rapidly. This has, no doubt,
contributed towards increasing productivity of our work force but a lot more
needs to be done.
Though
the HRD ministry allayed concerns of Members of Parliament over Indian
institutions missing from the list of top institutions of the world stating
that the parameters used in these international ratings did not necessarily
apply to our bodies, there is need for serious introspection on the subject. Undeniably,
the standard of numerous colleges and universities across the country need to
be upgraded as also the quality of teaching.
The
Central universities and the IITs and IIMs no doubt meet certain standards but
the same cannot be said about most educational institutions of the country. The
Centre needs to coordinate with the States, specially with regard to improving
standards in colleges and universities located in various semi-urban areas and
small towns and make necessary facilities available. Good teachers should also
be deputed to such institutions for a particular period and orientation
programmes of teaching faculty conducted to make them aware of new developments
in their subject.
The
university system that has evolved over the years has to develop further and
adopt strategies to keep up its reputation and standards. While several
commissions have since Independence been set up including the Radhakrishnan
Commission, Kothari Commission, Rastogi Commission etc, most of their recommendations
are yet to be fully implemented.
It may be
pertinent to recall some of the more purposeful measures needed to cope up with
the changing socio-economic order: inducing innovativeness in teaching-learning
process; bringing professionalism and relevance to latest developments; designing
courses/study material to practical experiences and social and economic
requirements and needs; modernizing higher study through induction of
international experiences and methodology; and freeing the system from
parochial or dogmatic outlook so that organizational management of a high order
is ensured.
An
important aspect that is also critical is the need for transparency in
selection of teachers and definitely not by political motivation or other bias.
The curriculum also should be examined at periodic intervals to ensure that
modern developments in each discipline are incorporated. Moreover, the
curriculum should be so designed to relate to practical problems and
developments as this would enable students to relate these in their later years.
Also laboratory and other facilities, wherever necessary, in the institutions
should be ensured so that students do not have to suffer due to their lack.
Apart
from these, higher educational institutions in the private sector have been
charging fees which are beyond the paying capacity of the lower income groups
and even a major section of the middle class. Though teaching standards are
quite all right compared with most of government institutions, there is need
for the government to look into the fee structure and reserve some seats for
the deserving coming from Lower Income Group and the poor sections.
The fast
growth of population along with improvement in living standards would, in the
coming years, need more and more students who would go in for higher education
and specialized education such as engineering, medicine, dental medicine,
nursing etc. Though many engineering colleges, mostly in the private sector
have come up, more institutions in other fields would be required to cater to
the increasing demands. The government
would need to pay special attention to setting up good colleges, where post
graduate education can also be imparted, in the rural and semi urban areas.
However,
at the end what matters is the final result. It’s all very well for the Planning
Commission to push for reforms in the higher education system as also its
decision to have at least one college in each and every district so that
backward regions are not deprived of opportunities. The Ministry must deliver
and there is no room for excuses. For, if there is a will there is a way.
---INFA
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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