Events & Issues
New
Delhi, 1 October 2012
India-Sri Lanka Ties
EMOTIONAL FACTORS Vs REALISM
By Dr S Saraswathi
(Former Director, ICSSR, New
Delhi)
Under the Indian Constitution,
foreign policy is a subject exclusively under the Central List. Still it cannot
be denied that all States feel the impact of the country’s foreign policy in
general. None of them can remain a mute spectator without reacting. In policies towards neighbouring countries,
adjacent States are directly affected because of geographical proximity and
want to be consulted. It is a legitimate demand.
In the case of Sri Lanka, besides physical nearness, linguistic
and cultural factors bind parts of the two countries so closely that they come
into play to influence and if possible to direct India’s relations with this island
nation. The result is the manifestation once again of strong Tamil
linguistic patriotism – this time attempting to dictate the country’s foreign relationship
towards a neighbouring country.
Tamil speaking population constitute
a large minority of about 18 per cent of the total population in Sri Lanka while
74 per cent speak Sinhala. There are Indian Tamils as well as Sri Lankan
Tamils.
The affinity between Tamils in India and Sri Lanka is not just through a
common language, but is cemented by historical ties and cultural oneness and
good deal of kinship relations which make for empathy and fellow-feeling. The
conflict today in India
is over the struggle of these emotional attachments in a federal system of
linguistic States clamouring for a say in determining the country’s relations
with this island nation
Sri
Lanka became independent from British Rule in 1948, about six
months after Indian independence. Within a decade started fierce inter-racial
conflict between Sinhalese and Tamils and led to many riots. Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded official recognition of Tamil
language and formation of a Tamil
State in a federal set
up. Presently, Tamil is the second
national language and Sinhalese is the official and national language.
Tamil Nadu is directly affected by
the internal political turmoil in Sri Lanka by the arrival of
thousands of Tamil refugees in the crackdown on Tamil groups by the Sri Lankan
government. Frequent assaults on Tamil fishermen by the Sri Lankan naval forces
create ill-will and hatred and spoil friendly neighbourly relations. In such an
atmosphere, any affected State and people having more stakes in the matter can
expect to be heard.
Three recent events brought to the
centre stage conflict of viewpoints between public opinion supported by a
number of political parties in Tamil Nadu and the Union government on a point
of India’s foreign relations. One is about training of Sri Lankan Air Force
personnel in India,
the second is about the Eelam Tamil Rights Protection Conference in Chennai
organized by the Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation (TESO), and the third
about Sri Lankan President Rajapakse’s visit to Sanchi to inaugurate a centre
for Buddhist Studies.
The Government of Tamil Nadu
strongly objected to training of Sri Lankan Air Force personnel in India as a “reprehensible
act” of the Union government showing scant regard for the views of the Government
and of the sentiments of the people of Tamil Nadu.
Even the Tamil Nadu Congress was in
agreement with other political parties on this issue and demanded that
officials who were already being trained in the Defence
Staff Services
College in Wellington should be sent back immediately. It also assured that the state Congress would
see to it that such training courses not take place in future.
With regard to the TESO conference, the
Union government objected to the word “Eelam” in the title (associated with
Tamil separatist movement of the terrorist group LTTE) and suggested renaming
the conference as the Tamils Livelihood Rights Conference. The objection was
later withdrawn on the clarification provided by the organizers and explanation
of the historical significance of its meaning and its usage since time
immemorial.
The conference passed a resolution
demanding that India
should move a resolution in the United Nations for bestowing full rights on the
Tamil community in the island to decide their own political future. It stated,
“India should, therefore,
take necessary steps to ensure a total change of environment in Sri Lanka and a
life of equality and peace to the Sri Lankan Tamils by redeeming their
political, economic, and cultural rights.”
The conference refrained from passing
any direct resolution on Tamil Eelam, but some leaders vehemently pleaded for
it in their speeches, according to press reports.
These expressions amount to interference
in the internal matters of another country prompted by emotional feelings of
staunch Tamil groups and not by any realist calculations of the nation’s interests
which should determine foreign relations.
Sometimes, if emotions are allowed
to run its course, it creates some rather absurd situations like refusal to
permit even sports and entertainments with teams from ethnic, linguistic groups considered unfriendly.
Demonstration of opposition to Sri
Lankan President’s visit to Sanchi for a non-political event also seems
irrelevant to the emotional problem of Indian Tamils. Instead of highlighting the seriousness of
the real issue haunting the Tamils in Tamil Nadu, it helps the unaffected to
ignore Tamil sentiments.
A country’s foreign policy and
relations consist of strategies chosen to promote the nation’s self-interests,
and to achieve its goals. In the world today, every nation is depending on one
another for survival and development. Interdependence between nations is growing
and global interests and national interests are inter-mixed. Our task is to
find space for emotional satisfaction within political relations.
Both India
and Sri Lanka are members of
the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) and BIMSTEC (a
regional organisation of Bangladesh,
India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka for technical and
economic cooperation). They have a number of mutually beneficial economic
programmes. Their strategic location between the western world and South and South-East Asia demand strengthening of friendly ties not
only between governments, but between respective citizens – the non-state
actors.
While people have to show restraint
in exhibiting their emotions, governments have to realize that diplomacy cannot
be isolated from ground reality. State governments under globalization are
exposed to direct relations with foreign countries. There is need for closer Union-State
dialogue and understanding in determining foreign relations so as to avoid
situations faced in Sanchi recently or in the talks with Bangladesh
earlier over water sharing boycotted by the West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata
Banerjee. This will help all. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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