Round The World
New Delhi, 27 January 2010
US Defence Secy’s Visit
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MISSION
By Monish Tourangbam
Research Scholar, School of International
Studies, JNU
US Defence Secretary Robert Gates’
recently-concluded official trip to India
and neighbouring Pakistan
can be summed up as a confidence-building exercise, notwithstanding the two
destinations are in different stages of growth and share a different
relationship with the United
States. While India
is being projected as one of the fastest growing economies and an emerging
major player in the international arena, Pakistan is largely seen as a
country on the brink of implosion, under attack from the same sinister groups
that it helped nurture. India
is recognized as a responsible nuclear-armed country showing utmost restraint
even in the wake of a catastrophe like 26/11.
On the other hand, the picture of Pakistan is
complex. It seems to be bearing the brunt of major terrorist attacks on its
soil but at the same time has been accused of being reluctant to fight sections
of the insurgents, particularly those with the intention to harm Indian
interests. Moreover, concerns have been expressed that the conditions in Pakistan are
not conducive for the safety and security of its nuclear weapons, with fear
mounting of the weapons falling into terrorists’ hands. Thus, the nature and
the purpose of the visits to India
and Pakistan
were different but on the whole could be seen as confidence-building measures on
both sides of the border.
The US
is involved with India and Pakistan at different planes and the nature of
the relationship is dictated by the importance that both the countries hold in America’s engagement
in the region. India and the
US
experienced a thaw in their relations during the closing years of the Clinton
Administration, significantly taken forward during the Bush Administration.
Otherwise discredited for his misadventures, George W. Bush helped open up an
international platform for India in the form of the Indo-US nuclear deal and
the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG)-waiver.
These diplomatic milestones entailed
increased defence trade, military exercises and the importance accorded to India in the
Asian and international scheme of things. In a way, the Bush Administration was
successful in highlighting and concentrating on the points of convergence and
tone down irritants. In recent times, President Obama’s succession brought some
concerns in the Indian diplomatic circles, with highlight accorded to non-proliferation
goals. Moreover, in view of the economic ties between the US and China, the Obama Administration went
to the extent of hinting at a prospective Chinese role in the Indian
subcontinent. Any overt tilt towards Beijing, particularly
in matters concerning the South Asian region is sure to ignite serious concerns
in New Delhi.
But, efforts made to dispel the
misunderstandings have yielded results. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s India visit
last July was a significant step in this effort. The visit, coming after much
negative speculations, managed to infuse a lot of positive energy. Besides signing
official agreements, Secretary Clinton engaged in public diplomacy meeting
people from across wide areas of interests. Then, the icing on the cake came in
the form of the State welcome given to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the
White House and the extra mile that President Obama walked to dispel the fears
and misconceptions on the Indian side.
In the context of these
developments, the Gates’ visit assumes importance as a way to further cement
the relationship and keep the channels open. This is the first high-level visit
from the US administration
in the New Year and the also the first after the Singh’s state visit to Washington. It is also
being seen as a spade-work before the upcoming visit by President Obama. The US
Defence Secretary chose to recognize India’s controlled resilience after
the Mumbai attacks but amplified the sinister network that was ought to disturb
peace in the region. He commented that New
Delhi’s patience could be limited in the event of a
similar attack in future, thus calling attention to the need for jointly
tackling the terror nexus operating from Afghanistan-Pakistan.
The visit also culminated in the American
proposal to New Delhi
to sign the Communications Inter-Operability and Security Memorandum of
Understanding (CISMOA) and the Logistic Supplies Agreement (LSA). These
agreements, if realized according to the US administration would entail
better access to American high technology. The visiting Secretary assured that
the advantages that India
would get from these agreements would be spelt out in detail. In short, the LSA
leads to provision of air and sea ports to each other on reciprocal basis and
the CISMOA will provide for sharing of information by enabling an easier
interface between the militaries of the two countries.
India is reluctant to sign them and as
emphasized by the Defence Minister AK Antony, New Delhi would consider entering into the
pacts only after weighing the pros and cons. The Defence Minister also
expressed India’s
concerns regarding the denial of export licenses to various defence-related
purchases. Nevertheless, the defence ties between the two countries are
burgeoning. Reflecting this, there are talks of supply of several military
equipment including C-17 transport aircraft, artillery guns and US companies
are bidding for Indian defence contracts for $9 billion 126 multi-role combat
aircraft.
Pakistan has time and again served as the
frontline state for the United
States engagement in the region as a result
of its geostrategic location, either against Communism or Terrorism. This was
made easier by Pakistan’s
willingness to compromise for the sake of building its military infrastructure
against arch-enemy India.
Pakistan is an indispensable
part of the American campaign in Afghanistan, much depending on how
the Pakistani army fights the “terror womb” in its western border.
A large part of the Pakistan visit was devoted to ensuring its public
and the establishment that the US
was committed to bringing peace and security to the region, that it would not
abandon the region as it did in the past when the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan in
1989. Concerns have risen since President Obama’s decision to begin withdrawing
troops from Afghanistan
by July 2011. There has been visible and rising anti-Americanism in Pakistan amid the increasing drone attacks in
militant hideouts of Pakistan.
There have been an unprecedented number of attacks following
a deadly militant attack on a CIA base in Afghanistan, December last year.
During
his stay in Pakistan,
Gates engaged in vigorous public diplomacy including television interviews and
a newspaper op-ed in an effort to drive the point that the Americans were
engaged in fighting a common enemy. He emphasized that the Indian involvement
in Afghanistan was entirely
focused on developmental efforts and should not be a cause of worry for Pakistan. He
contended that the Pakistan
army should focus on fighting the imminent danger on its western border dismissing
the perceptions of threat from the Indian border.
The
Pakistan
army has often been wanting in its commitment to fight groups that do not pose
a direct threat to its State, and this is exactly where the Obama
Administration needs to convince the Pakistani establishment. Such double
standards adopted by the Pakistani army and intelligence has resulted in sinister
terror campaigns against India, thus derailing bilateral relations and nipping in
the bud any chances of stability. --- INFA
(Copyright, India News and Feature Alliance)
|