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Open Forum
India-FTA Trade Pact: A REAL BREAKTHROUGH, By Prof. (Dr.) D.K. Giri, 15 March 2024 |
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Round The World
New Delhi, 15 March
2024
India-FTA Trade Pact
A REAL BREAKTHROUGH
By Prof. (Dr.) D.K. Giri
(Secretary General, Assn for
Democratic Socialism)
The signing of Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement
(TEPA) on 10th March between India and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) countries
is a real breakthrough for India on building trade relations. This is because
India has been negotiating an EFTA with European Union (EU) since 2007, which
is yet to conclude. In the meantime, India managed to sign it with four EFTA
countries which are small in population but strong in economy. These countries
participate in European Single Market of EU and part of the Schengen area. The
countries are Switzerland, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.
Negotiations for a trade agreement began with EFTA in 2008,
one year later than that with EU. And it has been concluded earlier. The
negotiators of EFTA felt that the agreement signifies success as it precedes
any such agreement with the EU or any developed economy. The Indian side was
led for the last 10 years by Minister of Commerce and Industry, Food and
Consumer Affairs and Textiles, who sounded euphoric about the agreement. He
said, “TEPA is a model and ambitious trade agreement”.
It has created a couple of firsts. For the first time,
India is signing an FTA with four developed countries which constitute a
powerful economic bloc in Europe. “For the first time in history of FTAs
binding commitment of 100 billion USD investment and 1 million direct jobs in
the next 15 years has been given. The agreement will give a boost to Make in
India and provide opportunities to young and talented workforce. The agreement
will provide a window to Indian exporters to access large European and global
markets”.
Beginning in 2008, negotiations covered 13 rounds and then
were put on hold in November 2013. They were resumed after gap of 10 years last
year in October. And in less than six months, the TEPA was signed. Prime
Minister Narendra Modi commended the agreement in a written message, “Despite
structural diversities in many respects, our economies possess
complementarities that promise to be a win-win situation for all nations”. This
feeling was reciprocated by one of the top negotiators, Swiss State Secretary
for Economic Affairs, Helene Budliger Artieda, “There was a sense that we could
really have a fair and balanced deal, which would the win-win …. five times win
for all five parties.” (four EFTA countries plus India).
The agreement consists of 14 chapters. It focuses on market
access related to goods, rules of origin, trade facilitation, technical
barriers to trade, investment proportion, market access to services, intellectual
property rights, trade and sustainable development and many other legal
provisions. Significantly, the agreement will see considerable tariff
reduction, increase in market access and simplification of customs procedure. Most
of all, the investment of 100 billion USD is the highlight of the agreement
which provided the breakthrough moment.
Prime Minister Modi noted that the global leadership of
EFTA countries in innovation and R&D across diverse sectors like digital
trade, banking and financial services and pharma will open up new doors of
collaboration. Investment in these sectors will open up great opportunities for
India. This is the second such full-fledged FTA signed after India’s agreement
with the United Arab Emirates.
Indian industries have welcomed the trade agreement. The
Director General of Confederation of Indian Industry opined that the agreement
will yield multi-dimensional gains to Indian industries. He said, “It will
elevate trade, promote technology, knowledge transfer, and encourage
investment”. He added that improved market access in EFTA countries for Indian
goods will boost India’s export potential and greatly expand employment
opportunities.
As noted, the negotiations concluded in a fast-track mode
and the deal was signed just a few days, ahead of the announcement of dates for
Lok Sabha elections in India. However, the political-electoral angle in the
negotiations could not be attributed to EFTA countries although the incumbent
Union Government could dangle it to the electorate as a prize they have
secured. A question was asked to the Swiss State Secretary by an Indian
journalist, “Did you think this deal would happen before Indian elections?” Her
answer was candid. She said that one can never be 100 per cent sure in such
negotiations involving five countries. “But I really felt sincere interest,
trust and friendship between India and EFTA negotiators”. She pointed out that
the agreement on investment chapter was a breakthrough moment.
According to TEPA’s Chapter 7 that deals with investment
promotion and cooperation, both sides are agreed that first tranche of
50-billion USD will be invested within 10 years and another 50 billion in the
next five years. The EFTA side clarified in terms of riders that it is not the
states that make the investment; it is the companies which do. Norwegian Trade
Minister said in a press conference that, “It is about creating the right
environment, speaking to our companies and then tracing and tracking
development. It is also recorded that if the investment is not made within 15
years with a three-year grace period and another two years in negotiations,
India will be entitled to withdrawing some of its trade concessions.
It is the investment that will define the parameters of
success. India should do everything possible to facilitate that investment.
Many investors know that India is a big market but are equally aware of the
bottle necks. It is for New Delhi to clear such impediments and make it investment
friendly. Likewise, India’s export regime has to improve. Timely clearance of
goods by the Indian Custom Department is necessary. The timelines for delivery
have to be adhered to by the Indian companies. The quality check is another
issue that Indian exporters must be wary of. In my research on India-EU trade,
these issues were pointed out by EU officials.
The agreement will come into force after the ratification
by EFTA countries expected by the end of this year. Switzerland, the biggest of
the four, will possibly bring the agreement for ratification by Swiss Parliament
in the autumn session. So, by the end of the year, the agreement should come
into force. Other countries which have a different time span for ratification
process would also complete it by the end of the year.
The agreement is indeed a momentous occasion for Indian
trade despite the murmur on timing of the agreement which is just before the
elections. It is an achievement that Indians should be happy about. This will
perhaps open up of the possibility of such agreements in general with other
developing countries and hasten the process with the EU in particular. New
Delhi should set an example by successfully implementing the TEPA.---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature
Alliance)
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CAA, Simultaneous Polls: AMMO FOR OPPOSITION STATES, By Insaf, 16 March 2024 |
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Round The States
New Delhi, 16 March 2024
CAA, Simultaneous Polls
AMMO FOR OPPOSITION STATES
By Insaf
The
timing of the CAA notification and Ram Nath Kovind panel’s report recommending
‘one nation, one election’, other than details of electoral bonds, has further
ignited the poll arena for Battle 2024. Opposition-ruled states have upped the
ante against BJP and Modi team, though it remains to be seen whether it will
fire up the voter. Chief Ministers of West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Delhi
have resolved to oppose it, accusing the BJP of resurrecting the ‘divisive’ Act,
four years since it was passed only to manipulate religious sentiments for
political gains. Specifically, Kerala Cabinet has decided to move the Supreme
Court by asking Advocate General to initiate action against it without further
delay. The firm No says Chief Minister Vijayan is because it treats Muslim
minorities as second-class citizens. In West Bengal Mamata Didi warns
the Act could be a precursor to implementation of the NRC across the country
and must be opposed. In BJP-ruled Assam, protests are hotting up with police
warning of strict action. Union Home Minister Amit Shah is at pains to say, ‘Indian
Muslims needn’t worry as CAA won’t impact their citizenship…Modi has delivered
on his promise.’ Will the top court allow him to fulfil it?
‘One
nation, no election…’ Congress’ reaction to the report recommending holding of simultaneous
polls in the country, may turn out to be good campaign material. Here too,
Opposition parties are in sync voicing serious concern since Thursday last,
since the report was submitted to President Murmu. “The prime minister’s
objective is very clear. He’s going around asking for a clear majority, 23rd
majority, 400 seats…They want to completely dismantle Constitution’, says the
grand old party. It’s ally in Maharashtra, Shiv Sena (UBT) asserts the concept
was a move towards dictatorship; the AIMIM termed the bid a “…frequent
elections keep governments on their toes… they will no more have to worry about
people’s fury for five years…It (the move) will convert India into a one-party
state.” In UP, SP said “in a country like ours, ‘one nation, one election’
seems impossible’.
The AAP
warns it would ‘marginalise regional parties, encourage dominance of national
parties, and result in a presidential form of government”. The BJP is among 32
other parties, mostly its NDA partners supporting the recommendation, as it
will help save resources, spur development and social cohesion..’ In the first
stage, elections for LS and all state assemblies can be held together and in
the second, civic polls and panchayats will be synchronised with these within
100 days. Critically, term of Assemblies elected after the first sitting of
newly-elected Lok Sabha will be cut short till the next general elections to
ensure the cycle is not disturbed! Worrisome for regional players as the
recommendations could just as well come into force in five years—2029!
* * * *
Haryana’s
Surprise
Haryana
springs a big surprise. On Tuesday last, Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar
suddenly resigned with his entire Cabinet, by evening he was replaced by Nayab
Singh Saini and 24 hours later BJP government comfortably won the trust vote in
Assembly. Clearly, the change of guard was orchestrated with an eye on ensuing
elections, both in the State and Centre, with the anti-incumbency factor weighing
against Khattar’s 2-term leadership. The BJP also took serious note of Congress’
OBC thrust and thus chose Saini, an OBC to counter its opponent. This apart, it
opted for dumping Dy Chief Minister Dushyant Chautala and his JJP, which with
its 9 MLAs had helped form the alliance government after a fractured verdict in
2019. This, as JJP was asking for two seats for LS polls, whereas big brother
was willing to give only one. However, the parting of ways doesn’t quite gel,
as JJP issued a whip asking its MLAs to remain ‘absent’ during the trust vote!
Said Congress: “We used to hear a whip issued by a party asking its MLAs to
ensure their presence during a voting. It’s first time we are hearing a party
has issued a whip to its members to remain absent… A fixed match is being
played by both BJP-JJP”. The INLD response was on similar lines. Be that as it
may, BJP has plans for Khattar as he’s given a Lok Sabha ticket and that it can
shift gears to remain on the road to victory.
* * * *
Tripura
U-Turn
For or
against the tribals, is a question doing the rounds in Tripura. Tipra Motha
chief and royal scion-turned-politician Pradyot Kishore Manikya Debbarma
has stirred a hornet nest by joining BJP-IPFT alliance, four days after he signed
a tripartite pact with Centre and state government and a month after he was talking
to Congress to cobble an anti-BJP coalition! Expectedly, Congress and CPM
accuse him of ‘playing with tribals’ as all along he’s been demanding a Greater
Tipraland state for tribals but instead signed a ‘bogus piece of paper’
(agreement) which tries to sell Tiprasa (tribals of Tripura) and looks after
his own interests. Pradyot hits back: both these parties neglected tribals’ rights
while in government, didn’t lend support during anti-CAA protests and ‘it’s
they who prioritised political interests over tribal welfare.’ He also explains
his joining government is to ‘ensure proper implementation of accord’; two of his
MLAs shall join Cabinet; and importantly, his sister, who he managed to get a
BJP ticket for East Tripura ST-reserved constituency ‘she shall be needed in Delhi
to further its progress.’ Time will tell.
* * * *
Bengaluru’s
Water Woes
Don’t use
of potable water for cleaning vehicles, gardening, building construction,
fountains, swimming pools, entertainment purposes other than as drinking water
in cinema halls and malls, is Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board’s
warning to residents in IT hub Bengaluru. Else, pay a fine of Rs 5,000 in case
of violation. Indeed, the Karnataka government is busy grappling with water
woes as concerns grow over Cauvery water supply and depleting groundwater
levels. Steps include, ordering huge tankers from adjoining towns; take over
private borewells (50% of borewells have dried up); fill up the drying lakes
with 1,300 million litres per day of treated water to replenish groundwater
sources; install filter borewells and construct water plants using an
innovative technology near the restored lake beds to supply water after
testing, etc. Too little too late, may be a right reaction. Undoubtedly, it’s
the unplanned urbanisation and over concretisation in the city which needs to
be dealt with. Blaming climate change doesn’t hold water! ---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature Alliance)
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Hospital Treatment Rates: SC BALM FOR COMMON MAN, By Dhurjati Mukherjee, 13 March 2024 |
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Open Forum
New Delhi, 13 March 2024
Hospital Treatment Rates
SC BALM FOR COMMON MAN
By Dhurjati Mukherjee
That health is a neglected
sector in India has been echoed by experts over the years, but the government
has not taken adequate measures to ensure that benefits reach all sections of
society. It is, in this connection, that the very recent Supreme Court order
merits special attention. The order directed “all
hospitals and clinical establishments must display rates charged for each type
of service provided and facilities available for the benefit of patients at a
conspicuous place in the vernacular as well as in the English language and
charge rates for each type of procedure and service within the range of rates
determined and issued by the Centre from time to time, in consultation with the
state government”.
The
bench of Justices BR Gavai and Sandeep Mehta, hearing a PIL by the NGO ‘Veterans
Forum for Transparency in Public Life,’ boldly stated, “If the Union government
fails to find a solution, then we will consider the petitioner’s plea for
implementing CGHS-prescribed standardised rates.” The PIL sought clarity on
medical expenses and urged the Centre to determine the fee chargeable to
patients based on Rule 9 of the Clinical Establishment Rules 2012 on which the
judgment would stand out to be a landmark order.
It is
indeed distressing to note that health has become big business in the country
and the private nursing homes charge rates that even the middle class finds
difficult to pay. There is no regulation by the state governments and the
Centre is totally indifferent to the continued fleecing of the population. The
political class has never said anything regarding the matter and there are
virtually no protests as the nursing homes owners are rich and powerful.
Though
some of the state governments have given land at subsidised rates to these
nursing homes – some also call them hospitals – they are supposed to reserve
some beds for the poor and the economically weaker sections, but this is not
done, and the state governments do not check whether these health centres actually
treat the poor. It has to be accepted that the ruling dispensation at the
Centre favours the rich, but this is also true of most state governments.
The
question that comes up is how will the poor get proper treatment? There is no
survey undertaken in the country to determine how many poor people are not
properly diagnosed and, as such, treatment is not received by them. Moreover,
costs of treatment in the private sector are quite high, specially of
life-threatening diseases. But though these are considered life-threatening in
the country, this is not so in the Western world as also in the emerging
economies.
It is a
well-known fact that the conditions of rural health centres and hospitals run
by the government are in a pitiable state of affairs with very few specialists
and even general doctors not being able to give proper attention to the huge
number of patients. Moreover,equipmentis lacking and specialised treatment, in
most cases, is not possible.
Some
experts question that there is no proper survey to find out how much people
from the lower segments of society have to spend to get proper treatment, how
many of them can really afford this treatment, how much they have to travel to
avail of this treatment? It has been found that poor people have been found to
sell their fixed assets like land, even part of building, apart from jewellery
etc. and taking huge loans at high rates of interest, mostly from moneylenders.
Though
such order for standardisation of rates should have been taken decades back to
prevent health being treated as a source business, the present order, if acted
on seriously, would greatly benefit the common man. One cannot deny that health
facilities must improve in all parts of the country, specially in the backward
districts, and this can only happen when facilities are available at affordable
rates.
It is
worth referring to a World Health Organization (WHO) report which rightly
highlighted the fact that with countries reducing investments in health after
the Covid outbreak does not augur well as health security is complementary to
economic security. To address gaps and prepare for the next pandemic, the
regional director of Southeast Asian region of WHO stressed on investments and
strengthening six pillars of health systems –service delivery, health
workforce, access to medical products, vaccines and technologies, health
information systems, and financing backed by political commitment.
The
government proposal of setting up hospitals in PPP mode in select underserved
districts has not been implemented as business houses are not interested to set
up such centres in remote rural areas. It was envisaged that medical colleges
would be attached to district hospitals in PPP mode to address shortage of
qualified medical doctors. However, the Indian Medical Association (IMA)
expressed concerns by public health experts that inviting the private sector to
manage public hospitals was tantamount to backdoor corporatisation of civil
hospitals and this would not help the poor as the mass would not get benefits
at affordable rates.
A recent
development that should be welcomed is the initiative by the insurance
regulator to allow subscribers to avail cashless treatment at any private
hospital or nursing home, irrespective of whether it is part of an insurer’s
network or not. Earlier to get treated in such a nursing home, which was not
part of an insurer’s network of facilities, patients had to pay the full amount
and go through the cumbersome process to claim reimbursement. This would
undoubtedly help a major section of the middle class, specially the salaried
who have such insurance facilities.
It goes
without saying that health is critical to human well-being and, as such, there
is need to look into the whole issue and evolve an effective solution in the
matter. The judiciary has done the right intervention though this was needed
much earlier. Now it is the prerogative of the Centre to direct the states to
check the functioning of private nursing homes and hospitals and ensure not
just standardisation of rates but see to it that at least 20 percent of beds
are reserved for the poor from whom just the actual costs of surgery and
minimum doctor’s fees are recovered.
Only
talking of ‘health for all’ has no meaning unless effective steps are taken by
the Centre and the states. Maybe some time, the judiciary will also intervene
and direct the states to ensure that the poor citizens of the country are not
deprived of basic health facilities. As socio-economic development is
intrinsically linked to better health, the present landmark order, if adhered
to, will bring about a drastic change in the functioning of private health
centres.---INFA
(Copyright, India News & Feature Alliance)
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From Your Lordship to Jan Sevak:CONSTITUTIONALLY JUST NOT DONE!, By Poonam I Kaushish,12 March 2024 |
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Political Diary
New Delhi, 12 March 2024
From Your Lordship to Jan Sevak
CONSTITUTIONALLY JUST
NOT DONE!
By Poonam I Kaushish
Now days when you see someone holding his nose you don’t
know whether it’s pollution or politics. Either way the net result is the same.
Increasing political pollution replete with contaminated smog and toxic waste.
But the latest in an ever-growing series of political skullduggery was an
unimaginable onslaught which threatens to undermine the independence and
impartiality of a Constitutional body: Judiciary.
Who could imagine that the man flashing the Constitution,
cracking the judicial whip and doling out unpalatable orders to culprits would
one day succumb to political temptation himself? How else does on describe
Calcutta High Court Judge Abhijit Gangopadhyay somersault from the high
judicial Bench to the rough and tumble of politics by joining BJP last week.
All, for name and fame in the political sun. Never mind if he knocked a big blow
to the judiciary, thumped people’s faith in courts, rapped our moral conscience
and smacked our last resort for justice.
And, this after
accusing a brother judge of “working for a political Party” which marked a low
for the judiciary and relationship between Government and Court in West Bengal
24 January.
Importantly, the
judge’s decision to join politics and manner and context in which it was taken
raises questions of judicial propriety and impartiality. But it also stands out
for three reasons. One, his record in court was full of controversy. Two, for
over two years these controversies showcased an unseemly spectacle of a sitting
judge at loggerheads with an elected Government in a manner that invited
questions of partisanship.
Three, his political
foray will have a bearing on dispensation of justice. Could not millions of
litigants think that a judge was harsh on the Administration on the eve of his
resignation in the hope of reward from BJP?
Take the job scam case
September 2022. While hearing the matter, Gangopadhyay
all but accused Mamta’s nephew and TMC leader Abhishek Bannerjee of “amassing
wealth” to a TV channel. This lack of “judicial propriety” led Supreme Court to
order Calcutta High Court Chief Justice to assign the case to a different
Bench. In January he again overruled a larger Bench in a case regarding
admissions to State medical colleges and made irresponsible remarks against a
colleague.
What Gangopadhyay doesn’t seem to realize is that by
joining BJP he has inflicted an avoidable hurt to an important Constitutional
pillar. A body blow that would not be easy to recover from. Once the
“Conscience Keeper” of democracy falls prey to political sharks, there is no
salvation but a steady slide downhill.
His political foray now casts a shadow over decisions he made on the
Bench. His justification for his political turn to BJP ---- insults and barbs
of TMC leaders holds little water. Even as the Party accuses him of being a
“BJP political worker.”
Arguably, by offering Gangopadhyay a political lollipop,
BJP has violated the letter and spirit of the Constitution. Future judges might
well be more than willing to bend rules in favour of a particular Party in hope
and expectation of reaping political rewards post retirement.
Undoubtedly, it has
divided public opinion and is deeply troubling that an institution that plays
guardian and watchdog of freedoms and routinely sets the agenda for
institutional propriety and probity should be seen to play political
favourites. While supporters say Gangopadhyay has shown courage, critics aver
this is inappropriate while netas
derisively assert the judge has behaved like “a politician.”
Certainly, Gangopadhyay
is not the first judge of a Constitutional court to resign and join politics.
In 1967, former Chief Justice of India Subba Rao venerated for his famous
Golaknath and Kharak Singh judgments resigned three months before retirement to
contest the Presidential election as Opposition candidate. And India’s first
Attorney General Setalvad castigated famed jurist Chagla for accepting Nehru’s
offer of ambassadorship. In 1983 Supreme Court Justice Bahural Islam resigned
six weeks before retirement to contest Lok Sabha polls.
Rajiv Gandhi too
nominated ex Chief Justice India M.H. Beg for Rajya Sabha which threatened to
besmirch judiciary’s fair name was averted when Justice Beg died a few days
before formalities were completed. Prime Minister Modi too followed in his
footsteps by nominating Justice Gogoi to Rajya Sabha in March 2020, snidely
described by Opposition as his reward for Ayodhya judgment.
What to speak of ex-CJI Ranganath Mishra who was Congress’s
Rajya Sabha nominee and Justice Baharul Islam-turned-Congress Lok Sabha MP. Or
Punjab and Haryana High Court Chief Justice Rama Jois turned-Governor- BJP
Rajya Sabha MP and Supreme Court Judge-turned Congress Rajya Sabha MP-turned
Janata Party Lok Sabha MP-turned-Speaker KS Hegde.
Yet again, the country’s first woman Supreme Court judge
Justice Fatima Beevi was appointed member of National Human Rights Commission
post retirement 1992. In 1997, Beevi was appointed Tamil Nadu Governor where
she was in the eye of a political storm over her decision to ignore established
Constitutional norms and anoint AlADMK supremo Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister
2001, notwithstanding she could not contest Assembly poll due to her conviction
in a corruption case
Or ex Chief Election Commissioner Gill to the Rajya Sabha.
I recall, when late Punjab CM Badal remarked that those who held such august
offices should not contest on Party tickets, Gill retorted: “Maine koi theka liya sau saal da”. And
as mithai was distributed he had
conveniently forgotten his halla bol
against the political cesspool and his repeated emphasis on values and
integrity.
Alas, over the years our leaders have eroded judiciary’s
impartiality without outwardly violating the Constitution’s letter. Trust them
to find a lacuna and brazenly exploit it. They merrily take advantage of absence
of “silence” of our Constitution framers, Constitutional or legal bar on those
holding high Constitutional posts from joining politics, fighting elections,
holding office or taking a Government appointment.
This is not all. Post retirement judges have become
Governors. Recall, the appointment of former Chief Justice of India S
Sathasivam as Kerala Governor 2014. India’s second CEC, KVK Sundaram was made
the Chairman of the Law Commission on retirement. Yet again in 1986, the CEC,
R.K. Trivedi, was rewarded with the Governorship of Gujarat within months of
retirement.
Clearly, the BJP does not appear to have been well-advised
in admitting Gagopadhyay. This unfortunate decision can only snowball causing
grave injury to the system unless the statute is changed to bar Chiefs of
Constitutional Offices like CJI, Judges, CECs, and CAG etc from either joining
a Party, accepting further appointment by Government on retirement.
Plainly, such a step is needed to preserve and protect
independence of judiciary since nobody seems to care a damn for healthy and
time-honoured conventions. This is all the more necessary in view of the
“aberration nee pattern” that is slowly but surely seeping into the body
politic --- and is certain to receive encouragement from the Gangopadhyay
episode.
Undeniably, the arms-length distance between Executive and
Judiciary along-with mutual respect needs to remain intact even after demitting
office. If arms length is swapped by a warm embrace, it warns of grave danger.
The moot point is: Can India afford to allow persons
holding Constitutional offices to accept “rewards” from Parties after
retirement? One hopes that
Gangopadhyay case does not became the norm and judges desist from rising to
the bait. This does not auger well for the future of India’s democracy. ------
INFA.
(Copyright India News & Feature
Alliance)
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Inflated Bills Main Vote Plank: LAWS DON’T CUT DOWN GRAFT, By Shivaji Sarkar, 11 March 2024 |
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Economic Highlights
New Delhi, 11 March 2024
Inflated
Bills Main Vote Plank
LAWS
DON’T CUT DOWN GRAFT
By
Shivaji Sarkar
Two landmark judgments, one on the
electoral bonds scheme and the other JMM - Jharkhand Mukti Morcha bribery case,
should call for an introspection into the myriad ways of graft. The nation
despite vociferously discussing it for decades has not found a way out. No
wonder India has the onerous ranking of 93 out of 180 on the global corruption
index in 2023.
The recent Rajya Sabha
cross-voting in Himachal Padesh, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka are blatant
instances that money or other quid pro quo is routine. This has been happening
in the Rajya Sabha elections for quite some time causing some change of rules,
including open ballot system making it mandatory for the MLAs to exhibit how
they voted. Still, it is happening.
Would it stop parliamentary
malpractices? Apparently not. The BJP in September 2015 suspended six MPs seen
to give king bribes on videotaped broadcast by a TV channel. It has not come to
an end. TMC MP Mohua Moitra was expelled in 2023 for alleged links with a
businessman, who was reportedly allowed to use her official email. The new SC
verdict now does away with the immunity to MPs granted by a judgement in 1998
under Article 105.
The common man can hardly escape
this. Power corporations, be these under government or private, do it openly to
harass consumers. In some states, people are getting five to ten times inflated
bills not for the purpose of realisation but for seeking high rents from the
gullible. The current elections may see some regime changes because of the
electricity bills alone in some northern states. Many find the AAP model in
Delhi imitable. It gives succour to the people apart from reducing corruption.
Even driving licences being
centralised have a cost. Four times the actuals are charged by the regional
transport authority agents to have smooth renewals, which could otherwise be an
automatic process.
Roads are supposed to be an
indicator of progress, but the CAG flags off a road in Delhi’s Dwaraka. As per
approval of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) the 28 km Dwarka
expressway was sanctioned Rs 18.2 a km but Rs 250.77 a km was the actual
expense, 13 times higher.
Since the bogey of Bofors bribery,
there would be hardly a deal which might not have seen the “cut money”
phenomenon from an innocuous object to the purchases of arms, aircraft, drones
or contracts for constructions.
Sadly, corruption is built into
the system. Even currency note exchange during the demonetisation had built
into it. It is difficult to quantify but Transparency International (TI) had
indicated in 2005, truckers paid Rs 222 crore ($28 billion) in bribes. Both
government regulators and police share bribe money to the tune of 43 percent
and 45 percent each, respectively. The volume must have increased though the
formula may remain valid now.
Notably, the 2005 TI report states
that over 62 percent of Indians confirmed that they had to bribe a public
official at some point to get something done or enjoy services provided by them
(public officials). In 2019, the Corruption Perceptions Index ranked India at
40-49 percent and in 2021, India was at 85 out of 180 in the CPI grading. It
slid to 93 in 2023.
As of December 2009, 120 of
India’s 542 Parliament members have accusations of partaking in
corruption-related crimes like bribing under First Information Report (FIR).
Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high-level government
officials, including Cabinet ministers and chief ministers, such as the 2010
Commonwealth Games Scam (₹70,000 crores (US$8.8 billion)),
the Adarsh Housing Society Scam, the Mining Scandal in Karnataka and
the cash for vote scams.
In 2019, an online petition
exposed the ineffectiveness of the country’s top anti-corruption authority,
Lokpal, which is supposed to stop corruption in the country. The petition
addressed to the Chairperson of Lokpal asserts that the Lokpal officials are
squandering enormous amounts of public money without accountability.
Professor BibekDebroy and Laveesh
Bhandari claim in their book Corruption in India: The DNA and RNA, in 2010,
that public officials in India may be cornering as much as Rs 921 billion ($12
billion), or 1.26 per cent of the GDP, through corruption.
Corruption also results in lower
economic growth for a given level of income. With the reduction in corruption
level in India the growth rate of GDP might increase by 5 to 7 percent. As per
an estimate, corruption in India causes a loss of growth in terms of investment
and employment to the tune of Rs 25000 crores.
The report said as the Asia
Pacific region faces a 2024 election year, with people coming out to vote in
Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, South Korea and
Taiwan, the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) reveals another year of
little to no meaningful progress towards curbing corruption.
The government has been pursuing
zero tolerance against corruption and has taken several measures. There are
3745 cases of corruption lodged in 2021, according to the National Crime
Records Bureau Report (NCRB). In addition, 457 cases are there against 549
public servants. A series of raids were conducted by Enforcement Directorate on
a series of politicians, businessmen and other across the country.
Another factor for increasing
graft is the rising numbers of multinational corporations’ involvement. The
Bribe Payers Index record their engagements. It is a myriad way they function.
Offences under the Prevention of
Corruption Act are also predicate offences for proceedings under the money
laundering act. In addition, these offences could also entail criminal
consequences under the Benami Act and the Black Money Act. Individuals or
corporations charged with corruption also face possible prosecution under PMLA,
Benami Act and Black Money Act, and, upon conviction, may be subjected to
further imprisonment and, or, fines for offences therein.
However, the level of graft is not
coming down. Despite digitising, the rent seeking has not come to an end. It
calls for an effort across social boundaries. The elections might see more of
it in different forms and the colour may change but not the graft.---INFA
(Copyright,
India News & Feature Alliance)
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